Does Hypoxia and Stress Erythropoiesis Compromise Cardiac Function in Healthy Adults? A Randomized Trial

Arrebola-Moreno, Antonio L.; Casuso, Rafael A.; Bejder, Jacob; Bonne, Thomas Christian; Breenfeldt Andersen, Andreas; Aragón-Vela, Jerónimo; Nordsborg, Nikolai B.; Huertas, Jesús R.

doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00531-x

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 2 Cardiac morphology and functional parameters

From: Does Hypoxia and Stress Erythropoiesis Compromise Cardiac Function in Healthy Adults? A Randomized Trial

	Pre		Post		Altitude training effect	Training × treatment effect
	Placebo (n)	rhEPO (n)	Placebo (n)	rhEPO (n)	Altitude training effect	Training × treatment effect
Morphological parameters
EDV (ml)	123.5 ± 31.02 (19)	124.0 ± 24.69 (12)	125.7 ± 31.51 (19)	124.5 ± 27.81 (12)	0.858	0.914
EF (%)	63.9 ± 4.07 (19)	64.1 ± 7.04 (12)	62.2 ± 5.94 (19)	61.6 ± 6.22 (12)	0.163	0.796
ESV (ml)	44.5 ± 12.24 (19)	44.8 ± 13.36 (12)	47.0 ± 11.88 (19)	48.2 ± 14.45 (12)	0.383	0.894
LV mass Dias(g)	172.3 ± 47.70 (19)	170.2 ± 35.09 (12)	165.5 ± 48.29 (19)	157.6 ± 28.62 (12)	0.387	0.797
LV mass syst (g)	107.2 ± 36.76 (19)	106.4 ± 28.72 (12)	109.1 ± 37.07 (19)	102.9 ± 23.07 (12)	0.930	0.753
LA vol (ml)	53.6 ± 17.74 (14)	53.1 ± 15.7 (8)	51.5 ± 13.81 (14)	52.5 ± 10.99 (8)	0.771	0.871
RV diam basal	38.1 ± 7.53 (18)	39.6 ± 5.68 (11)	38.2 ± 6.18 (18)	39.9 ± 4.90 (11)	0.889	0.944
Systolic Function
Left ventricle
LV SV	98.2 ± 24.87 (19)	105.3 ± 22.43 (12)	101.5 ± 26.08 (19)	109.6 ± 25.54 (12)	0.561	0.935
LV Q	6.03 ± 1.57 (18)	6.59 ± 1.38 (12)	5.92 ± 1.25 (18)	5.84 ± 1.53 (12)	0.260	0.420
\({\text{S}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{mean}}}}\) (cm s⁻¹)	8.33 ± 1.15 (17)	9.17 ± 1.17 (8)	8.71 ± 1.39 (17)	8.42 ± 0.97 (8)	0.621	0.131
Right ventricle
RV SV	107.2 ± 41.79 (8)	72.6 ± 26.09 (8)	88. 4 ± 23.19 (8)	82.2 ± 16.62 (8)	0.649	0.168
RV Q	6.09 ± 2.53 (8)	4.44 ± 1.45 (8)	4.98 ± 1.80 (8)	4.38 ± 1.38 (8)	0.380	0.427
\({\text{S}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{RV}}}}\) (cm s⁻¹)	13.0 ± 2.34 (17)	13.5 ± 1.72 (11)	12.6 ± 1.65 (17)	12.1 ± 0.96 (11)	0.077	0.302
PAAT (ms)	138.6 ± 28.08 (10)	133.3 ± 24.66 (9)	130.0 ± 12.79 (10)	125.7 ± 13.83 (9)	0.241	0.946
Diastolic Function
Left ventricle
Peak E (cm s⁻¹)	79.8 ± 16.29 (14)	78.2 ± 14.4 (10)	79.8 ± 16.04 (14)	76.3 ± 12.27 (10)	0.832	0.836
Peak A (cm s⁻¹)	45.1 ± 11.48 (14)	50.4 ± 10.91 (10)	40.4 ± 7.85 (14)	41.4 ± 5.03 (10)	0.016	0.440
E/A ratio	1.85 ± 0.56 (14)	1.59 ± 0.31 (10)	2.02 ± 0.48 (14)	1.85 ± 0.27 (10)	0.097	0.724
\({\text{E}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{mean}}}}\) (cm s⁻¹)	14.0 ± 2.06 (17)	12.5 ± 2.18 (8)	14.4 ± 2.35 (17)	13.9 ± 1.55 (8)	0.146	0.419
\({\text{A}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{mean}}}}\) (cm s⁻¹)	6.59 ± 1.50 (17)	6.91 ± 1.60 (8)	5.96 ± 1.28 (17)	5.85 ± 0.90 (8)	0.047	0.597
\({\text{E}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{mean}}}}\)/\({\text{A}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{mean}}}}\) ratio	2.24 ± 0.63 (17)	1.91 ± 0.61 (8)	2.52 ± 0.65 (17)	2.44 ± 0.49 (8)	0.033	0.500
\({\text{E}}/{\text{E}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{lat}}}}\)	5.14 ± 1.49 (13)	5.7 ± 1.39 (6)	5.1 ± 1.61 (13)	4.66 ± 0.60 (6)	0.343	0.317
Right ventricle
\({\text{E}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{RV}}}}\) (cm s⁻¹)	12.8 ± 2.29 (16)	13.6 ± 2.64 (12)	11.7 ± 2.65 (16)	12.2 ± 2.31 (12)	0.066	0.873
\({\text{A}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{RV}}}}\) (cm s⁻¹)	8.4 ± 2.54 (16)	9.1 ± 2.41 (12)	7.7 ± 1.9 (16)	8.5 ± 2.5 (16)	0.319	0.950

Results are means ± SD (number of subjects) and 2 (group) × 2 (time) ANOVA p values. Abbreviations: EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESV, end-systolic volume; LV mass Dias, left ventricle mass in diastole; LV mass syst; left ventricle mass in systole; LA vol; left atrial volume; RV diam basal, right ventricle basal diameter; LV SV, left ventricle systolic volume; LV Q; left ventricle cardiac output; \({\text{S}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{mean}}}}\), mean S′ wave in the medial and lateral mitral annulus; RV SV, right ventricle systolic volume; RV Q, right ventricle cardiac output; \({\text{S}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{RV}}}}\), S′ wave in the lateral tricuspid annulus; PAAT, pulmonary arterial acceleration time; Peak E, peak E wave in the mitral flow; Peak A, peak A wave in the mitral flow; E/A ratio, peak E and peak A ratio; \({\text{E}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{mean}}}}\); mean lateral and medial E′ wave in the mitral annulus; \({\text{A}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{mean}}}}\), mean lateral and medial A′ wave in the mitral annulus; \({\text{E}}/{\text{E}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{lat}}}}\), ratio between E wave in the mitral flow and E′ wave in the lateral mitral annulus; \({\text{E}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{RV}}}}\), peak E′ wave in the lateral tricuspid annulus; \({\text{A}^{\prime}}_{{{\text{RV}}}}\), peak A′ wave in the lateral tricuspid annulus

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