Table 2 QUIPS risk of bias assessment for included studies
Study | Potential risk of bias item | Risk of bias | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
Attenborough et al. 2017 [39] | + | + | + | − | − | + | High |
Beynnon et al. 2001 [40] | + | + | + | + | − | + | Low |
DeRidder et al. 2016 [41] | + | + | + | + | + | + | Low |
Engebretsen et al. 2010 [42] | + | + | + | + | + | + | Low |
Fousekis et al. 2012 [43] | + | + | + | + | + | + | Low |
Gribble et al. 2016 [21] | + | + | + | + | + | + | Low |
Hartley et al. 2018 [20] | + | + | + | + | + | + | Low |
Kawaguchi et al. 2021 [44] | + | + | + | + | + | + | Low |
Kofotolis et al. 2007 [18] | + | − | + | + | + | + | Low |
Kofotolis et al. 2007 [45] | + | − | + | + | + | + | Low |
McCann et al. 2018 [46] | + | + | + | + | − | + | Low |
Powers et al. 2017 [19] | + | − | + | + | + | + | Low |
Saki et al. 2021 [16] | + | − | + | − | + | + | High |
Tyler et al. 2006 [17] | − | + | + | − | − | + | High |
Willems et al. 2005 [47] | + | + | + | − | − | + | High |
Willems et al. 2005 [48] | + | + | + | − | − | + | High |