From: Metabolic Power in Team and Racquet Sports: A Systematic Review with Best-Evidence Synthesis
Study (Year) | Population | Intervention | Comparison | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|
Akubat et al. [28] | 10 competitive amateur soccer players of unknown sex (20 ± 1 years) | 2 test protocols at least 5 days apart: (1) lactate threshold test with 6 four-min stages (6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 km/h) followed by a ramp test until exhaustion (increase of 0.2 km/h every 12 s); (2) modified version of Ball-Sport Endurance and Sprint Test for 30 min, performed twice with 2 days apart | Calculating iTRIMP and examine external/internal load ratios with GPS (5 Hz) derived metabolic power and PlayerLoad™; relationship between ratios and speed at lactate threshold and onset of blood lactate accumulation; influence of fatigue; use of modified equation for metabolic power analysis (Osgnach et al. [3]) | Mean metabolic power ratio was largely correlated to speed at lactate threshold both in recovered (r = 0.59) and fatigued (r = 0.57) states; correlation to speed at onset of blood lactate accumulation was large (recovered, r = 0.61) and moderate (fatigued, r = 0.38); high metabolic power ratio was largely (recovered, r = 0.54) and small (fatigued, r = 0.27) correlated to speed at lactate threshold; correlation to speed at onset of blood lactate accumulation was large (recovered, r = 0.67) and very large (fatigued, r = 0.70) |
Brown et al. [29] | 27 team sport players (15 males, 12 females; 21 ± 2.7 years) | 90 min exercise session on outdoor pitch divided into 6 bouts of 5 min of exercise (walking, jogging, running, 3 bouts of simulated team sport circuit) separated by 10 min of rest | GPS (5 Hz interpolated to 15 Hz) derived EE compared to VO2 (portable metabolic cart) derived EE; use of modified equation for metabolic power analysis (Osgnach et al. [3]) | Moderate overall (complete 90 min session) underestimation of GPS derived EE (-19.0%); very large underestimation for team sport circuits (−44.0%); very large overestimation for walking (43.0%); no significant differences for jogging (7.8%) and running (4.8%) |
Buchheit et al.[30] | 14 French elite youth soccer players of unknown sex (15.4 ± 1.6 years) | 4.5 min exercise circuit including technical actions with the ball (slaloms, pass and retrieve of a rebound wall, shot on goal) divided into 3 bouts of 1 min of exercise (at speeds of 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 km/h) separated by 30 s of rest; repetition of the circuit one week later | GPS (4 Hz) derived metabolic power compared to VO2 (portable metabolic cart) derived metabolic power; use of modified equation for metabolic power analysis (Osgnach et al. [3]) | GPS derived metabolic power was 29 ± 10% lower during exercise and 85 ± 7% lower during recovery; correlation between GPS and VO2 derived metabolic power was small (r = 0.24, exercise and recovery phase) to moderate (r = 0.58, only exercise phase); reliability of GPS derived metabolic power was moderate (CV = 8.0%; ICC = 0.57) |
Highton et al. [31] | 16 male university rugby players (23.8 ± 4.8 years) | Repeated effort protocol to simulate physical contact including 3 sets of 6 rounds of: 8 m run at 14.4 km/h to collide with tackle bag to the ground, repositioning back, running backwards at 9 km/h to starting point | GPS (10 Hz) derived EE compared to VO2 (portable metabolic cart) derived EE; unknown equation for metabolic power analysis | GPS derived EE showed a systematic underestimation (−5.94 ± 0.67 kcal/min; ~ −45%); correlation between GPS and VO2 derived EE was moderate (r = 0.63) |
Manzi et al. [32] | 17 male professional Italian Serie A soccer players (28.2 ± 2.2 years) | Data from 19 championship matches and 2 aerobic fitness tests at least 24 h apart: (1) long-stage treadmill test for lactate profiling until exhaustion (1 km/h every 5 min until lactate of 4 mmol/l, then 0.5 km/h every 30 s); (2) short-stage running field test on a 400 m track for VO2max until exhaustion (start 8 km/h and increase of 0.5 km/h every min) | Comparison of aerobic fitness variables (VO2max, VO2VT, %VO2VT, maximal aerobic speed, VL4) and match data in metabolic power categories (distance at high power: > 20 W/kg; very high power: > 35 W/kg; max power: > 55 W/kg) using a video camera system (25 Hz); use of modified equation for metabolic power analysis (Osgnach et al. [3]) | Correlations between metabolic power categories and aerobic fitness variables were: large for VO2max (r = 0.55–0.68) and %VO2VT (r = 0.62–0.65), very large for VO2VT (r = 0.72–0.83), and large to very large for maximal aerobic speed (r = 0.52–0.72) and VL4 (r = 0.56–0.73) |
Oxendale et al. [33] | 12 university team sport players (rugby, soccer, hockey, netball; males, 5 females; 20.8 ± 2.7 years) | 3 different testing protocols: (1) 20 m shuttle fitness test with progressively increasing speed to determine VO2max; (2 & 3) multi-directional and linear circuit including 8 bouts of 60 s of intermittent activities (running, sprinting) followed by 120 s rest | GPS (4 Hz) derived EE compared to VO2 (portable metabolic cart) derived EE; use of modified equation for metabolic power analysis (Osgnach et al. [3]) | GPS derived EE was lower during multi-directional (−52%) and linear (−34%) condition; GPS and VO2 derived EE was strongly correlated for multi-directional (r = 0.89) and linear (r = 0.95) condition |
Stevens et al. [34] | 14 amateur soccer players of unknown sex (23 ± 2 years) | 2 sessions separated by 30 min on artificial turf: (1) 10 m continuous shuttle running and constant running following the same protocol of running with increasing speed (0.5 km/h every 3 min) from 7.5 to 10 km/h; (2) incremental protocol with an increase of 1 km/h per min until exhaustion followed immediately after the constant running | LPS (500 Hz filtered at 10 Hz) derived EC compared to VO2 (portable metabolic cart) derived EC; determining additional energy cost of 180° change of direction compared to constant running; use of original equation for metabolic power analysis (di Prampero et al. [15]) with adaptations concerning EC of running on flat terrain at constant speed and KT | LPS derived EC was significantly higher (6–11%, main effect: 0.34, p < 0.001) in constant running and lower (−13 to −16%, main effect: −0.94, p < 0.001) in shuttle running when compared to VO2 derived EC |