Table 3 Effect of fatigue on soft tissue vibrations
Reference | Participants details (Level|Sex|Age|Weight|Height) | Running protocol (Surface|Intensity|Duration|End of protocol) | Device measuring STV| Locations|Frequency|Time measurement | Effects of Fatigue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Downhill | ||||
Ehrström et al. [9] | Well-trained male runners|M = 13|38.6 ± 5.7 years|72.1 ± 4.7 kg|175.8 ± 5.1 cm | Treadmill with − 8.5° slope | 55% \({\text{VO}}2_{\max }\) = 4.2 ± 0.3 m/s| 40 min|40 min | Tri-axial accelerometers VL and GM 1000 Hz Non-FAT: 4–5 min and 9–10 min FAT: 34–35 min and 39–40 min | For VL: RMS Ar ↗ (11.6 ± 5.9%) For GM: RMS Ar ↔ |
Flat exhaustion | ||||
Friesenbichler et al. [41] | Recreational runners | M = 3|26.7 ± 2.3 years|65.3 ± 3.3 kg|173.8. ± 3.8 cm F = 7|31.7 ± 7.3 years|60.1 ± 6.4 kg|165.5 ± 4.3 cm | 230-m outdoor track|F: 3.1 ± 0.2 m/s, M: 3.8 ± 0.3 m/s|10.4 ± 2.4 km | No longer able to maintain the required speed for 3 consecutive laps (690 m) | Tri-axial accelerometer TS 2400 Hz Non-FAT: 50 steps during the first 5 laps FAT: 50 steps during the last 5 laps | For TS: v. PSD ↗ (n.i) v. \(f_{{{\text{mean}}}}\) ↔ Time to peak ↗ (n.i.) |
Khassetarash et al. [40] | Professional male runners | M = 8|26 ± 3.6 years|65 ± 12 kg|175 ± 6 cm | Treadmill|4 m/s|9.6 ± 1.2 km | No longer able to run at the given speed or running distance more than 10 km | Tri-axial accelerometer GM 2000 Hz Non-FAT: first minute FAT: last minute | For GM: v. \(f_{{{\text{amplitude}}}}\) ↗ (between 20 and 300%) Damping ↗ (20.3 ± 2.3%) |
Khassetarash et al. [31] | Semi-professional middle- and long-distance male runners | M = 11|32.7 ± 9.94 years|65.9 ± 9.86 kg|174.3 ± 4.63 cm | Treadmill|4.3 ± 0.3 m/s|3.873 ± 1.147 km| No longer able to maintain their preferred high level of effort speed | Tri-axial accelerometer GL 2000 Hz Non-FAT and FAT: 5 strides average within 10 equal intervals (88 ± 26 s) | For GL \(v \cdot a_{{{\text{peak}}}}\) ↗ (29.8 ± 3.44%) Damping ↗ (15.5 ± 0.65%) Energy dissipation ↗ (70.6 ± 0.49%) Settling time ↔ |
Mountain trail running | ||||
Trama et al. [62] | Fifty-two experienced ultra-marathon runners M = 32|36.0 ± 8.1 years|70.3 ± 9.1 kg|178.3. ± 6.5 cm F = 20|36.9 ± 8.4 years|56.5 ± 6.1 kg|165.7 ± 6.7 cm | Treadmill|2.8 m/s|30 s | Tri-axial accelerometers VL and GM 2000 Hz Non-FAT: Pre-race (1 to 3 days before) FAT: Post-race (as soon as possible after the race) | For VL: \(a_{{{\text{peak}}}}\)↘ Damping ↘ \(f_{{{\text{peak}}}}\) ↘ Settling time ↔ For GM: \(a_{{{\text{peak}}}}\) ↔ Damping ↔ \(f_{{{\text{peak}}}}\) ↔ Settling time ↔ |