Fig. 2

Vienna test system and representative examples of each cognitive task. A The Vienna test system (VTS). B Visual pursuit test (LVT): Participants followed the line marked with a red arrow out of nine intersecting arrows and found the right endpoint as quickly as possible. C Stroop test (STROOP): Participants were asked to press the appropriate button on the test panel as quickly as possible in two conditions (color naming, word reading). D Visual memory test (VISGED): Participants had to memorize and afterward recall the position of symbols on a city map. E Time/movement anticipation test (ZBA): A green ball appeared on the screen and moved at a certain trajectory with changing direction. At an unpredictable time, the ball disappeared and became invisible until two red lines appeared (E) from which the first line marked the place where the ball has disappeared. Participants were instructed to mark the anticipated position and time of the ball crossing the second red line using the buttons of the VTS panel. F Determination test (DT): The participants were presented with color stimuli and acoustic signals and were asked to react by pressing the appropriate buttons on the response panel