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Sports Medicine - Open

Table 2 Downs and Black Quality Index results for each study

From: What is the Effect of Changing Running Step Rate on Injury, Performance and Biomechanics? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

 

1. Clear aim/ hypothesis

2. Outcome measures described

3.Patient characteristics described

4. Intervention clearly described

5. Principal confounders

6. Findings clearly described

7. Random variability

8. Adverse events

9. Lost to follow-up

10. Probability values reported

11. Asked subjects representative

12. Inc. subjects representative

13. Staff & facilities representative

14. Attempt blinding participants

Allen et al. [22]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

1

1

Willy et al. [40]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

1

Baumgartner et al. [27]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

1

0

Bowerstock et al. [30]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Gerrard and Bonanno [35]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

1

Bonacci et al. [29]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Bonacci et al. [28]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Busa et al. [31]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Chumanov et al. [32]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

dos Santos et al. [34]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

dos Santos et al. [33]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Hunter and Smith [42]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Lenhart et al. [36]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Lieberman et al. [37]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Wang et al. [38]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Wellenkotter et al. [39]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Yong et al. [41]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Baggaley et al. [44]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Hafer et al. [47]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Heiderscheit et al. [49]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

0

U

U

0

0

Huang et al. [50]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

0

U

U

0

0

Lenhart 2014 et al. [51]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

0

U

U

0

0

Lenhart et al. [52]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

0

U

U

0

0

Neal et al. [55]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Swinnen et al. [26]

1

1

1

1

2

0

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Zimmerman et al. [57]

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

1

U

0

0

Adams et al. [43]

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Bramah et al. [23]

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

0

1

0

U

U

0

0

Garofolini et al. [58]

1

1

1

1

2

1

0

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Halvorsen et al. [48]

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Hobara et al. [25]

1

1

1

1

2

0

1

0

1

0

U

U

0

0

Mercer et al. [53]

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Morin et al. [54]

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

U

U

0

0

Quinn et al. [56]

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

1

U

U

0

0

Clarke et al. [45]

1

1

0

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

U

U

0

0

Connick and Li [46]

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

0

1

0

U

U

0

0

Dewolf and De Jaeger [24]

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

1

0

U

U

0

0

 

15. Attempt blinding clinicians

16. Data dredging

17. Analysis adjust for follow-up

18. Statistics appropriate

19. Compliance with intervention

20. Outcome measures accurate

21. Recruited same population

22. Recruited over same period

23. Randomised to groups

24. Randomisation concealed

25. Adjustment for confounding

26. Accounted for lost to follow-up

27. Power to detect clinical effect

Total

(score out of 28)

Allen et al. [22]

0

1

1

1

1

0

U

1

1

1

1

1

1

22

Willy et al. [40]

U

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

1

1

1

1

22

Baumgartner et al. [27]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

21

Bowerstock et al. [30]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

1

1

1

1

21

Gerrard and Bonanno [35]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

21

Bonacci et al. [29]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

Bonacci et al. [28]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

Busa et al. [31]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

Chumanov et al. [32]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

dos Santos et al. [34]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

dos Santos et al. [33]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

Hunter and Smith [42]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

Lenhart et al. [36]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

Lieberman et al. [37]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

Wang et al. [38]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

0

1

1

1

20

Wellenkotter et al. [39]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

Yong et al. [41]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

20

Baggaley et al. [44]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

0

0

1

1

1

19

Hafer et al. [47]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

0

0

1

1

1

19

Heiderscheit et al. [49]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

19

Huang et al. [50]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

19

Lenhart 2014 et al. [51]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

19

Lenhart et al. [52]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

19

Neal et al. [55]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

0

0

1

1

1

18

Swinnen et al. [26]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

19

Zimmerman et al. [57]

0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

0

U

1

1

1

19

Adams et al. [43]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

0

0

1

1

1

18

Bramah et al. [23]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

0

0

1

1

1

18

Garofolini et al. [58]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

0

0

1

1

1

18

Halvorsen et al. [48]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

0

0

1

1

1

18

Hobara et al. [25]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

18

Mercer et al. [53]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

0

0

1

1

1

18

Morin et al. [54]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

18

Quinn et al. [56]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

0

0

1

1

1

18

Clarke et al. [45]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

17

Connick and Li [46]

0

1

1

1

1

1

U

1

1

U

1

1

1

17

Dewolf and De Jaeger [24]

0

1

1

1

1

0

U

1

0

0

1

1

1

16

  1. Item 5 assessed as yes = 2, partial = 1, no = 0, unclear = U. All other items are assessed as yes = 1, no = 0, unclear = U. High-quality scores ≥ 20, moderate -quality scores = 17 to 19, and low-quality scores ≤ 16
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