From: Physical Activity on Telomere Length as a Biomarker for Aging: A Systematic Review
References | Subjects | Telomere analysis: cell type | Measurement method | Physical activity | Main findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mason et al. [53] | 439 women, postmenopausal, overweight or obese (50–75 years) n = 105 diet n = 106 aerobic exercise n = 108 diet + aerobic exercise n = 79 sedentary | TL: Leukocytes | qPCR | Aerobic PA at 225 min/week (5 sessions/week, 45 min/session) for 12 months; intensity of training reached at 70–85% of HRmax, moderate to vigorous exercise | No significant difference in TL detected in any of the intervention group versus sedentary controls |
Sjögren et al. [118] | n = 49 men and women randomly selected from previous RCT on PA invention versus sedentary lifestyle (68 years, 14 men) | TL: Whole blood | qPCR | PA of moderate- and low-intensity with pedometer tracking steps at 210 min/week exercise (30 min/d) for 6 months | ↑ Significant association of increased TL with reduced sedentary/sitting time; No significant difference in TL with steps per day or increased exercise duration |
Tosevska et al. [87] | 105 men and women, elderly, sedentary lifestyle n = 23–30 RT exercise (82 ± 6 years) n = 21–23 RT exercise + protein supplement (81 ± 8 years) n = 20–26 sedentary group with cognitive training (84 ± 5 years) | TL: Whole blood | qPCR | RT at 2 sessions/week (elastic bands, chairs, body weight exercises), with 1 set of 15 repetitions for 4 weeks then progressive increase of 2 sets light exercises to 2 sets heavy exercises, for 6 months | No significant difference in TL in any of the groups |
Friedenreich et al. [52] | 212 women, postmenopausal, heathy, physically inactive n = 99 exercise (60.4 years) n = 113 sedentary (60.0 years) | TL: Leukocytes | qPCR | Aerobic PA at 225 min/week (5 sessions/week, 45 min/session) for 12 months; intensity of training reached at 70–80% of HR reserve | Increase in TL in the exercise group but not statistically significant due to inadequate sample size at follow-up |
Puterman et al. [55] | 68 men and women, caregivers n = 34 exercise (59.3 ± 5.7 years, 4 men) n = 34 sedentary (63.3 ± 6.4 years, 9 men) | TL: Leukocytes Telomerase: PBMC | TL: qPCR Telomerase: ddPCR | Aerobic PA at 60 min/week of lower moderate intensity 40% of HR reserve for 9 weeks; then 120–150 min/week of upper moderate intensity for 15 weeks | ↑ Significant increase in rTL in the exercise group versus sedentary controls No significant difference in telomerase activity between groups |
Eigendorf et al. [97] | 291 women, sedentary lifestyle n = 146 ET exercise (53 ± 5 years) n = 145 sedentary (53 ± 5 years) | TL: PBMC | qPCR | ET at 210 min/week (> 3 sessions/week) for 6 months; intensity of training reached at individualized HR | ↑ Significant increase in TL in the ET exercise group versus sedentary controls No effect on TL with aerobic exercise; only subjects of lowest aerobic fitness showed significant increase in TL |
Werner et al. [57] | 124 men and women, healthy, sedentary lifestyle n = 34 RT (48.1 ± 7.5 years, 14 men) n = 29 IT (48.4 ± 6.5 years, 10 men) n = 26 AET (49.5 ± 7.0 years, 9 men) n = 35 sedentary (50.2 ± 7.4 years, 12 men) | TL: MNCs, Leukocytes Telomerase: MNC | FACS, FISH, qPCR | PA training at 135 min/week (3 sessions/week, 45 min/session) for 6 months IT: 4 × 4 method, high-intensity AET: intensity at 60% heart rate RT: 8 machine-based exercises, 20 repetitions/exercise TL and Telomerase: at 0 and 6 months | ↑ Significant increase in rTL and telomerase activity with AET after 6 months ↑ Significant increase in rTL with IT after 6 months No significant increase in TL or telomerase activity within RT or sedentary group after 6 months |
Hooshmand et al. [58] | 30 men, elderly, healthy, any level of regular physical activity n = 15 RT exercise (66.33 ± 3.35 years) n = 15 sedentary (66.13 ± 3.04 years) | Telomerase: Blood serum | ELISA | RT at 3 sessions/week (15 repetitions/exercise) for 12 weeks; intensity reached at 60-s with 30-s of rest, starting at 60% of repetition maximum with 5% increment in repetitions | ↑ Significant increase in telomerase activity in the RT exercise group versus sedentary controls |