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Table 3 Frequency of responses and binary logistic regression values (with odds ratio) for predicting the likelihood of players wearing netball-specific shoes and their footwear for other activities, experiencing foot-related problems and foot pain and whether their foot pain was caused by the shoes they wore during netball and/or had any impact on their sporting performance, based on sex while controlling for competition level

From: Do the Footwear Profiles and Foot-Related Problems Reported by Netball Players Differ Between Males and Females?

 

Total

Male

Female

Odds ratio

(95% CI)

p value

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Wear shoes for other activities than netball

Yes

1065 (36.4)

124 (44.4)

941 (35.6)

0.57a

 < 0.001**

No

1860 (63.6)

155 (55.6)

1705 (64.4)

(0.44–0.74)

 

Netball-specific shoe wear

Yes

2325 (80.4)

89 (32.6)

2236 (85.4)

13.22

 < 0.001**

No

566 (19.6)

184 (67.4)

382 (14.6)

(9.87–17.7)

 

Not specified

34 (0.0)

6 (0.0)

28 (0.0)

  

Foot-related problems

Yes

2081 (84.3)

204 (81.6)

1877 (84.5)

1.5

0.028*

No

389 (15.7)

46 (18.4)

343 (15.5)

(1.05–2.14)

 

Not specified

455 (0.0)

29 (0.0)

426 (0.0)

  

Foot pain

Yes

1185 (56.8)

114 (54.3)

1071 (57.0)

1.08

0.612

No

903 (43.2)

96 (45.7)

807 (43.0)

(0.80–1.45)

 

Foot pain is caused by the shoes worn during netball

Yes

740 (57.7)

98 (67.6)

642 (56.4)

0.61a

0.010*

No

543 (42.3)

47 (32.4)

496 (43.6)

(0.42–0.89)

 

Foot pain has impacted performance

Yes

466 (63.4)

64 (65.3)

402 (63.1)

0.87a

0.567

No

269 (36.6)

34 (34.7)

235 (36.9)

(0.55–1.39)

 
  1. The first category of each independent variable “Yes” and “Males” (for “Sex”) was set as the reference category
  2. *Indicates a significant difference at p < 0.05
  3. **Indicates a significant difference at p < 0.001
  4. aOdds ratio values that were < 1.00, 1.00 was subtracted from the value and expressed as a percentage i.e. (0.57–1.00) * 100 = 42.9%; (0.61–1.00) * 100 = 39.3% and (0.87–1.00) * 100 = 13%