Table 4 Effects of strength training in people with severe mental disorders
From: Physical Health Impairment and Exercise as Medicine in Severe Mental Disorders: A Narrative Review
Study | Population | Design and study duration | Participantsa | Modality | Frequency and duration | Intensity | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Included, n | Completers, n (%) | |||||||
Leone et al. [88] | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | CT, 8 weeks | 8 | 8 (100%) | Seven lower and upper extremity exercises with weight apparatus | 2 times/week 4 weeks of 3 × 6 repetitions 4 weeks of 3 × 25 repetitions | 80% of 1RM 50% of 1RM | 1RM increase in all exercises, including leg and bench press by 25 (25%) and 16 kg (25%), respectively |
Silva et al. [89] | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | RCT, 20 weeks | 14 | 12 (86%) | Seven lower and upper extremity exercises with weight apparatus | 2 times/week 6 weeks of 2 × 10–15 repetitions 14 weeks of 3 × 6–12 repetitions | 40–70% of 1RM 75–85% of 1RM | Only chest press and arm extension 1RM increased by 30 (27%) and 46 kg (45%), respectively |
Strassnig et al. [92] | Schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder | CT, 8 weeks | 23 | 12 (52%) | Eleven lower and upper extremity exercises with pneumatic strength apparatus | 2 times/week 3 × 10–12 repetitions with high intended concentric velocity | % of 1RM not reported | 1RM and power increased for all exercises, including leg extension (37 kg, 17%; power: 26%) and chest press (9 kg, 19%; power: 13%) |
Heggelund et al. [94] | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | CT, 8 weeks | 7 | 6 (86%) | Leg press with weight apparatus | 3 times/week 4 × 4 repetitions | 90% of 1RM | Leg press 1RM increased by 83 kg (38%) Walking work efficiency increased by 20% |
Nygård et al. [95]ara> | Schizophrenia spectrum disorders | RCT, 12 weeks | 25 | 17 (68%) | Leg press with weight apparatus | 2 times/week 4 × 4 repetitions | 90% of 1RM | Leg press 1RM and power increased by 51 kg (29%) and 43 N m s−1 (20%), respectively |
Moraes et al. [90] | Major depressive disorder | RCT, 12 weeks | 9 | 9 (100%) | Four lower and upper extremity exercises with weight apparatus | 2 times/week 3 × 8–12 repetitions | 70% of 1RM | Maximal strength (reported as total training load, not specified for each exercise modality) increased by ~40% |
Leone et al. [78] | Mood disorders | CT, 8 weeks | 7 | 7 (100%) | Seven lower and upper extremity exercises with weight apparatus | 2 times/week 4 weeks of 3 × 6 repetitions 4 weeks of 3 × 25 repetitions | 80% of 1RM 50% of 1RM | 1RM increase in all exercises, including leg and bench press by 19 (25%) and 6 kg (13%), respectively |