Physical Health Impairment and Exercise as Medicine in Severe Mental Disorders: A Narrative Review

Brobakken, Mathias Forsberg; Nygård, Mona; Wang, Eivind

doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00490-3

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 1 Pulmonary measured peak/maximal oxygen uptake in people with severe mental disorders

From: Physical Health Impairment and Exercise as Medicine in Severe Mental Disorders: A Narrative Review

Study	Population	\({\dot{\text{V}}}{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{peak/max}}}}\) L min⁻¹ (mL kg⁻¹ min⁻¹)						Men/women, n		Age, years		Protocol
		SMD		Healthy normative values		Difference in absolute values [and %]		SMD	Healthy references	SMD	Healthy references
		Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	SMD	Healthy references	SMD	Healthy references
Brobakken et al. [38]	Schizophrenia spectrum disorders	3.13 ± 0.54 (34.5 ± 8.7)	2.18 ± 0.48 (26.4 ± 7.0)	4.20 ± 0.60 (47.4 ± 6.8)	2.50 ± 0.41 (37.9 ± 5.2)	− 1.07 [− 25%] (− 12.9) [− 27%]	− 0.32 [13%] (− 11.5) [30%]	28/20	28/20	35 ± 11	35 ± 11	Case–control study with individualized incremental treadmill test to exhaustion
Andersen et al. [39]	Schizophrenia spectrum disorders	2.30 ± 0.80 (26.0 ± 8.0)	1.80 ± ± 0.40 (24.0 ± 8.0)	3.30 ± 0.70 (39.8 ± 9.0)	2.10 ± 0.50 (31.0 ± 7.0)	− 1.00 [30%] (− 13.8) [35%]	− 0.30 [14%] (− 7.0) [23%]	40/27	405/389	37 ± 13	46 ± 12	Patients compared with population-based sample with modified Balke treadmill protocol to exhaustion
Donath et al. [43]	Major depressive disorder	–	2.07 ± 0.27 (30.2 ± 6.3)	–	2.26 ± 0.33 (35.8 ± 7.3)	–	− 0.19 [8%] (− 5.6) [15%]	0/15	0/15	38 ± 12	38 ± 12	Case–control study with standardized incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion
Boettger et al. [42]	Major depressive disorder	(34.0)		(40.0)		(− 6.0) [15%]		7/15	7/15	37 ± 13	37 ± 12	Case–control study with standardized incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion
Minghetti et al. [40]	Major depressive disorder	2.10 ± 0.50 (31.0 ± 7.2)		2.85 ± 0.49 (39.7 ± 8.0)^a		− 0.75 [26%] (− 8.7) [22%]		14/46	73/63	36 ± 11	35 ± 3	Exercise intervention, standardized incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion
Kerling et al. [41]	Major depressive disorder	2.35 ± 0.67 (28.8 ± 8.2)		3.09 ± 0.55 (39.0 ± 8.0)^a		− 0.74 [24%] (− 10.1) [26%]		26/16	91/86	42 ± 10	45 ± 3	Exercise intervention, standardized incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion
Schuch et al. [44]	Bipolar disorder	1.85 ± 0.32 (23.8 ± 4.1)		2.10 ± 0.43 (28.7 ± 5.5)		− 0.25 [12%] (− 4.9) [17%]		4/10	7/9	36 ± 9	35 ± 8	Patients compared with healthy with standardized incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion
Vancampfort et al. [45]	Bipolar disorder	(26.0 ± 7.3)		(30.4 ± 6.5)		(− 4.4) [14%]		6/14	6/14	48 ± 8	48 ± 8	Case–control study with standardized incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion

Data are mean and standard deviation if reported, and presented as sex-specific values if available, or sexes combined when not
\({\dot{\text{V}}}{\text{O}}_{{2{\text{max}}}}\), peak/maximal oxygen uptake; SMD, severe mental disorders
^aAge- and sex-specific healthy normative values; Edvardsen et al. [37]

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