Table 6 Summary of studies evaluating exercise mode effects on markers of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis
Study | n | Population | Training type/intervention length | Groups | Measure | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sigal et al. (DARE Trial) [13] | 251 | 39 to 70 yrs Type 2 diabetes Physically inactive | 22-week aerobic and resistance intervention | No Exercise Control Aerobic Training (Vigorous Intensity): 45 min/session at 75% maximum HR on 3 days/week Resistance Training: 2–3 sets of 7–9 repetitions of 7 exercises on 3 days/week Aerobic + Resistance Training: 45 min/session at 75% maximum HR + 2–3 sets of 7–9 repetitions of 7 exercises on 3 days/week | Turbidimetric immunioinhibition | Hemoglobin A1c Significant difference in change between aerobic and resistance training groups vs. control group Significant difference in change between aerobic and resistance training groups vs. aerobic + resistance training group |
Church et al. (HART-D Trial), [14] | 262 | 30 to 75 yrs BMI < 48 kg/m2 Type 2 diabetes Sedentary | 9-month aerobic and resistance intervention | No Exercise Control Aerobic Training (Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensity): 12 KKW at 50–80% maximum V̇O2 Resistance Training: 2 sets of 4 upper body, 3 sets of 3 lower body, and 2 sets of 2 abdominal exercises of 10–12 repetitions on 3 days/week Aerobic + Resistance Training: 10 KKW at 50–80% maximum V̇O2 + 1 set of 10–12 repetitions of 9 exercises on 2 days/week | Automated glycosylated hemoglobin analyzer | Hemoglobin A1c Significant decrease in Aerobic + Resistance training group Significant difference in change between aerobic and aerobic + resistance groups vs. control group when analysis population was limited to participants with a baseline hemoglobin A1c ≥ 7.0% |