Table 5 Summary of studies evaluating aerobic exercise amount and intensity effects on markers of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis
Study | n | Population | Training type/intervention length | Groups | Measure | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DiPietro et al. [10] | 25 | BMI < 30 kg/m2  > 60 yrs Women | 9-month aerobic intervention | Vigorous Intensity: 300 kcal/session at 80% peak V̇O2 Moderate Intensity: 300 kcal/session at 65% peak V̇O2 Control/Low Intensity: 45 min/session at 50% peak V̇O2 | Hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp | Fasting Glucose No change in exercise groups |
Fasting Insulin No change in exercise groups | ||||||
Whole-Body Glucose Utilization Rate at 40Â mU Significant increase in Vig. Group | ||||||
Basal Hepatic Glucose Production Significant decrease in Mod. Group | ||||||
Coker et al. [12] | 21 | BMI: ≥ 26 to < 37 kg/m2 65 to 90 yrs | 12-week aerobic intervention | Vigorous Intensity: 1000 kcal/week at 75% peak V̇O2 Moderate Intensity: 1000 kcal/week at 50% peak V̇O2 No Exercise Control | Insulin-stimulated Glucose Disposal Significant increase in Vig. Group | |
Non-oxidative Glucose Metabolism Significant increase in Vig. Group | ||||||
Ross et al. [54] | 300 | Abdominal obesity: Men WC > 102 cm or Women WC > 88 cm 35 to 65 yrs | 24-week aerobic intervention | No Exercise Control Low Amount/Moderate Intensity: Women: 180 kcal/session and Men: 300 kcal/session at 50% peak V̇O2 High Amount/Moderate Intensity: Women: 360 kcal/session and Men: 600 kcal/session at 50% peak V̇O2 High Amount/Vigorous Intensity: Women: 360 kcal/session and Men: 600 kcal/session at 75% peak V̇O2 | Oral glucose tolerance test | 2-h Glucose Significant difference in change between High/Vig vs. Control Significant difference in change between High/Vig vs. Low/Mod |
Glucose AUC Significant difference in change between High/Vig vs. Low/Mod | ||||||
Insulin AUC Significant difference in change between High/Vig and High/Mod vs. Control | ||||||
Matsuda Index Significant difference in change between High/Vig and High/Mod vs. Control Significant difference in change between High/Vig vs. Low/Mod | ||||||
Malin et al. [55] | 31 | Average BMI: 32.1Â kg/m2 Average age 61.4 yrs Prediabetes Nonsmoking Physically inactive | 13-day aerobic intervention | Moderate Intensity/ Continuous Exercise: 60Â min each day at 70% peak HR; rest on day 7 Vigorous Intensity/ Interval Exercise: 60Â min each day alternating 3-min intervals at 90% peak HR followed by 50% peak HR; rest on day 7 | Oral glucose tolerance test | Glucose AUC Significant decrease in both groups |
Insulin AUC Significant decrease in both groups | ||||||
Skeletal Muscle Disposition Index Significant increase in both groups (early and total-phase) | ||||||
Oral Minimal Model (Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity) Significant increase in both groups |