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Table 2 Reported mental health symptoms among coaches and HPSS compared to published elite athlete samples

From: Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Symptoms and Well-Being Among Elite Sport Coaches and High-Performance Support Staff

Measure

 

Coaches

HPSS

Published athlete samples

GHQ-28

Total score

M (SD)

20.62 (9.87)

20.70 (9.95)

19.66 (10.81) [3]

Somatic complaints

M (SD)

5.56 (3.42)

5.68 (3.76)

5.53 (3.58) [3]

Anxiety/insomnia

M (SD)

6.27 (4.53)

6.38 (4.46)*

5.47 (4.51) [3]*

Social dysfunction

M (SD)

7.58 (2.39)

7.82 (2.71)*

7.17 (2.64) [3]*

Severe depression

M (SD)

1.27 (2.58)

0.77 (1.53)**

1.50 (2.77) [3]**

Caseness

%

43.6

40.1

35 [3]

K-10

Total score

M (SD)

15.58 (4.95)

15.75 (5.25)

16.40 (5.89) [3]

High to very high distress

%

10.3

15.5

17.7 [3]

ASSQ

Total score

M (SD)

5.73 (2.48)

5.09 (2.35)

5.3 (–) [41]

No sleep disturbance

%

32.5

40.7

43 [27]

Mild sleep disturbance

%

44.2

44.2

41 [27]

Moderate sleep disturbance

%

18.2

12.8

16 [27]

Severe sleep disturbance

%

5.2

2.3

0 [27]

AUDIT-C

Total score

M (SD)

3.88 (2.55)

3.18 (2.12)

4.28 (2.61) [28]

Risky alcohol consumption

%

48.1**

39.0**

25.8 [15]**

Satisfaction with life total score

M (SD)

25.22 (5.75)

25.91 (5.40)

26.6 (5.95) [3]

  1. No statistically significant differences were found between coaches and HPSS. Comparisons were made between the coach sample and published athlete samples and between the HPSS sample and published athlete samples, *p < .01, **p < .001. For GHQ-28 caseness, the cutoff score 5 or more has been used. For risky alcohol consumption, the cutoff score 4 or more has been used for females and 5 or more has been used for males. Using cutoffs recommended by the IOC [24] of 3 or more for women and 4 or more for men, 56.6% of participants met risky drinking criteria (59.7% of coaches, 55.2% of HPSS). K-10 scores between 22 and 50 were suggestive of ‘high to very high’ distress