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Table 2 Participant and intervention characteristics for all included studies

From: Effects of Resistance and Endurance Training Alone or Combined on Hormonal Adaptations and Cytokines in Healthy Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Study

Group

N

Age (yrs)

Sex

Height (cm; mean ± SD)

Weight (kg; mean ± SD)

Population

Study duration (weeks)

Training frequency (sessions)

(days/week)

Training description

Eliakim et al. [62]

ET

10

15–17

F

161.4 ± 1.8

61.6 ± 3.9

High-school students

5

5

Endurance-type training, consisting of running, aerobic dance, competitive sports (e.g., basketball)

C

6

15–17

F

157.5 ± 1.5

52.9 ± 6.6

    

Zakas et al. [54]

ETa

10

10

M

141.2 ± 6.3

38.6 ± 8.2

Untrained children and adolescents

12

3

Interval training; 50 min/session, alternating heavy (80–86% HRmax) and light intervals (30–40% HRmax) on cycle ergometer

Ca

8

10

M

138.3 ± 6.6

35.7 ± 6.0

    

ETb

10

13

M

159.7 ± 7.1

51.7 ± 9.1

    

Cb

9

13

M

157.8 ± 4.9

48.8 ± 6.4

    

ETc

9

16

M

175.4 ± 4.9

72.4 ± 13.3

    

Cc

9

16

M

173.0 ± 7.8

67.6 ± 12.0

    

Büyükyazi et al. [60]

ETa

12

15.08 ± 0.4

M

175.4 ± 5.4

64.1 ± 7.1

Junior male basketball players

8

3

Continuous running: 60 min/session, distance: 4800 m, at 80% HRmax

ETb

12

15.07 ± 0.5

M

178.4 ± 6.2

66.0 ± 8.5

    

C

12

15.6 ± 0.5

M

174.1 ± 6.7

68.2 ± 8.1

    

Eliakim et al. [63]

ET

20

16.0 ± 0.7 m

M

169.2 ± 1.6

61.0 ± 1.8

Untrained high-school students

5

5

Endurance-type training consisting of running, aerobic dance, competitive sports

C

18

 

M

170.3 ± 1.6

66.2 ± 3.5

    

Messinis et al. [64]

ET

9

10.33 ± 0.5

M

148.9 ± 5.4

41.9 ± 6.7

Untrained prepubertals

8

4

Continuous cycling: 45 min/session, at a intensity of 75% of PWC170 test result. Readjusted training volume halfway

C

8

10.5 ± 0.5

M

149.9 ± 7.5

46.1 ± 9.8

    

Scheett et al. [43]

ET

12

9.95 ± 0.4

M

140.9 ± 2.8

33.75 ± 2.7

Prepubertal and early pubertal students

5

5

Aerobic-type training: 90 min/session, consisted of age-appropriate and sport-specific drills and games and running, jumping, aerobic dance, and competitive sports (team sports and running games)

C

14

10.04 ± 0.3

M

140.7 ± 1.9

36.83 ± 2.1

    

Eliakim et al. [29]

ET

19

9.2 ± 0.1 m

F

134.7 ± 1.3 m

35.5 ± 2.3

Untrained prepubertals

5

5

Aerobic-type training: 2 × 45 min daily endurance-type training consisting of running, dancing, soccer

C

20

 

F

 

32.2 ± 2.2

    

Andrade et al. [67]

ET

14

11.7 ± 2.3

M + F

147.1 ± 3.9

40.6 ± 13.3

Children with moderate asthma

6

3

Continuous treadmill running: 20–30 min/session, 20 min/session at 70% of HRmax for week 1–2 and 30 min/session at 80% of HRmax for week 3–6

C

17

11.4 ± 2.3

M + F

147.3 ± 6.1

45.2 ± 12.1

    

Rosenbaum et al. [66]

ET

49

13.7 ± 0.1

M + F

164.3 ± 1.3

66.7 ± 3.2

High-school students

13

3

Endurance-type training (dance/non-contact kickboxing) or regular gym class

C

20

13.6 ± 0.2

M + F

162.9 ± 1.9

64.6 ± 5.6

    

Tsolakis et al. [56]

RT

9

11.78 ± 0.8

M

152.2 ± 5.9

43.0 ± 9.5

Untrained prepubertal

8

3

Upper-body resistance training, 60 min/session, using variable resistance machines, 6 exercises, 3 set × 10 reps at an intensity of 10RM

C

10

12.0 ± 0.8

M

156.8 ± 8.68

43.2 ± 10.7

    

Gorostiaga et al. [61]

RT

9

15.1 ± 0.7

M

173.1 ± 5.3

62.4 ± 7.1

Adolescent handball players

6

2

Heavy resistance training: 40 min/session, 6–3 reps × 4 sets of five exercises (bench press, squat, knee flexion curl, leg press and pecdec) at a variable resistance gym apparatus, at an intensity ranging from 50–90% of 1RM

C

9

14.8 ± 0.4

M

170.6 ± 3.9

64.8 ± 13.7

    

Gorostiaga et al. [59]

RT

8

17.3 ± 0.5

M

175.1 ± 5.4

66.8 ± 6.0

Adolescent soccer players

11

2

Periodized explosive strength training: lower body exercises, jump, and weight lifts, low-load and high-speed movements

C

11

17.2 ± 0.7

M

177.4 ± 4.9

70.3 ± 6.7

    

Tsolakis et al. [55]

RTa

9

11.78 ± 0.84

M

152.2 ± 5.91

43.0 ± 9.5

Untrained high-school prepubertal

8

2

Upper-body resistance training: 60 min/session, using variable resistance machines, 6 exercises, 10 reps × 3 set, at an intensity of 10RM

Ca

10

12.0 ± 0.82

M

156.8 ± 8.7

43.2 ± 10.7

    

RTb

13

14.92 ± 0.86

M

169.1 ± 9.3

55.8 ± 9.0

    

Cb

10

14.9 ± 0.88

M

166.5 ± 5.0

56.8 ± 5.9

    

Sarabia et al. [65]

RT

11

15.6 ± 0.7

M

170.9 ± 5.1 m

63.3 ± 9.1 m

Adolescent tennis players

6

2

Resistance training; exercises included supine bench press using free weights and parallel half squats in a smith- machine, squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ), 60% 1RM

C

9

15.25 ± 0.71

M

      
  1. Values are presented as mean ± SD
  2. RT resistance training, RTa resistance training group 1, RTb resistance training group 2, ET endurance training, ETa endurance training group 1, ETb endurance training group 2, ETc endurance training group 3, C control group, Ca control group 1, Cb control group 2, Cc control group 3
  3. mMean value for all groups, including the control group