Stroke | Water category | Sex | n | Mean time | SD | Minimum | Maximum | p Value | Power | Effect size | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Butterfly | Cold water | Female | 140 | 00:22.6 | ± | 00:07.0 | 00:56.8* | 00:15.1 | < 0.001 | 0.691 | − 0.40 |
Male | 220 | 00:18.5 | ± | 00:04.9 | 00:39.4 | 00:12.0 | |||||
Freezing water | Female | 194 | 00:23.3 | ± | 00:07.4 | 01:05.5* | 00:14.0 | < 0.001 | 0.774 | − 0.35 | |
Male | 372 | 00:19.0 | ± | 00:05.9 | 00:55.7 | 00:12.2 | |||||
Ice water | Female | 221 | 00:21.2 | ± | 00:05.9 | 00:48.7* | 00:13.8 | < 0.001 | 0.714 | − 0.32 | |
Male | 366 | 00:18.7 | ± | 00:06.3 | 01:15.6 | 00:11.6 | |||||
Freestyle | Cold water | Female | 183 | 00:21.4 | ± | 00:07.2 | 00:54.7* | 00:14.0 | < 0.001 | 0.858 | − 0.42 |
Male | 241 | 00:17.1 | ± | 00:04.5 | 00:37.1 | 00:12.0 | |||||
Freezing water | Female | 224 | 00:22.5 | ± | 00:07.2 | 00:49.0* | 00:13.2 | < .001 | .814 | − 0.34 | |
Male | 411 | 00:18.0 | ± | 00:05.2 | 00:45.6 | 00:11.2 | |||||
Ice water | Female | 326 | 00:22.4 | ± | 00:08.4 | 01:03.9* | 00:13.1 | < 0.001 | 0.987 | − 0.39 | |
Male | 496 | 00:17.0 | ± | 00:04.5 | 00:46.2 | 00:11.0 | |||||
Head-up breaststroke | Cold water | Female | 281 | 00:28.7 | ± | 00:07.8 | 01:13.7* | 00:16.7 | < 0.001 | 0.990 | − 0.45 |
Male | 333 | 00:23.0 | ± | 00:06.1 | 00:55.6 | 00:14.9 | |||||
Freezing water | Female | 349 | 00:29.4 | ± | 00:08.8 | 01:21.3* | 00:13.3 | < 0.001 | 0.990 | − 0.42 | |
Male | 549 | 00:23.3 | ± | 00:06.9 | 00:57.2 | 00:14.4 | |||||
Ice water | Female | 758 | 00:28.6 | ± | 00:08.0 | 01:08.5* | 00:15.0 | < 0.001 | 0.999 | − 0.43 | |
Male | 813 | 00:22.6 | ± | 00:05.8 | 00:50.1 | 00:13.4 |