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Table 3 Results of screening examinations for return to play post-COVID

From: Incidence and Clinical Relevance of COVID-19 in a Population of Young Competitive and Elite Football Players: A Retrospective Observational Study

Population

Male

(61)

Female

(16)

Blood test

  

White blood cells (× 109/L) (normal 4–10)

5.3 ± 1.1

7.2 ± 2.1

Lymphocytes (× 109/L) (normal 1.1–4)

2.3 ± 5.1

2.3 ± 4.2

C-reactive protein (mg/dL) (normal < 0.5)

0.001 ± 0.001

0.001 ± 0.001

Ferritin (ng/mL) (normal 22–330)

78.7 ± 56

34.8 ± 20

LDH (mU/mL) (normal 80–300)

328 ± 61

264 ± 62

IL6 (pg/mL) (normal < 5.9)

1.07 ± 0.72

1.6 ± 1.3

COVID IgG (BAU/mL) (positive > 7.1)

34 ± 28

17.3 ± 8.8

COVID IgM (BAU/mL) (positive > 1.9)

0.46 ± 0.4

1.11 ± 0.8

cTnT (pg/mL) (normal < 14)

7.8 ± 10.4

3.4 ± 2

Echocardiography

  

LV EDV (ml)

124 ± 23

95 ± 11

LV EF (%)

61 ± 9

65 ± 5

LAVI (ml/m2)

29 ± 5

26 ± 5

RV basal diameter (mm)

37 ± 4

34 ± 3

TAPSE (mm)

25 ± 4

24 ± 3

PAPs (mmHg)

24 ± 5

23 ± 3

Pericardial effusion

0

2

Holter Monitor ECG 24 h

  

Heart rate (bpm)

67 ± 12

73 ± 10

Supraventricular ectopic beat

47

5

 < 100/24 h

47

5

 100–500/24 h

0

0

 > 500/24 h

0

0

Ventricular ectopic beat

27

5

 < 100/24 h

25

5

 100–500/24 h

2

0

 > 500/24 h

0

0

Treadmill stress testing

  

METs pre-COVID

17.2 ± 2

15.1 ± 2

METs post-COVID

17.7 ± 1

15.5 ± 3

ΔMETs

+ 0.5 ± 0.2

+ 0.4 ± 0.3

Supraventricular ectopic beat

4

0

 At rest

1

 

 Exertion

3

 

 Isolated

3

 

 Repetitive

1

 

Ventricular ectopic beat

7

0

 At rest

3

 

 Exertion

3

 

 Isolated

4

 

 Repetitive

2

 

 LBBB configuration

3

 

 RBBB configuration

4

 
  1. LV EDV: end-diastolic volume left ventricular, LV EF: left ventricular ejection fraction, LAVI: left atrium volume index, TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, PAPs: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; MET: metabolic equivalent of task; LBBB: left bundle branch block; RBBB: right bundle branch block