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Table 2 Clinical characteristics and medical assessments

From: Incidence and Clinical Relevance of COVID-19 in a Population of Young Competitive and Elite Football Players: A Retrospective Observational Study

Population

Total

(238)

Male

(152)

Female

(86)

p value

Clinical characteristics

    

Age (years)

19 ± 1

19 ± 1

18 ± 1

1

BMI (kg/m2)

22 ± 2

22 ± 1

21 ± 1

1

Positive tests

77 (32)

61 (40)

16 (19)

< 0.01*

Clinical presentation COVID19

(77)

(61)

(16)

 

Age (years)

18 ± 5

18 ± 5

16 ± 4

0.14

Incidence for categories

    

 EPA

12 (25)

9 (41)

3 (12.5)

0.04*

 U23

8 (30)

8 (30)

  

 U19

10 (21)

6 (24)

4 (21)

1

 U17

28 (57)

21 (80)

7 (30)

< 0.01*

 U16

5 (21)

5 (21)

  

 U15

14 (31)

12 (46)

2 (11)

0.02*

BMI (kg/m2)

22 ± 2

22 ± 2

21 ± 1

1

Asymptomatic

26 (34)

21 (27)

5 (6)

1

Mild symptoms

51 (66)

40 (52)

11 (14)

1

 Astenia

22

16

5

 

 Ageusia/anosmia

21

18

3

 

 Fever

19

16

2

 

 Pharyngodynia/rhinitis

21

16

5

 

 Headache

21

21

0

 

 Muscle pain

15

13

2

 

 Diarrhoea

3

3

0

 

 Moderate/severe symptoms

0

0

0

 

Screening test COVID19

    

RNA polymerase

77 (100)

61 (100)

16 (100)

1

Serological tests

47 (20)

44 (29)

3 (3)

< 0.01*

Time from RPS+  to RPS− (days)

23 ± 10

23 ± 11

20 ± 8

0.31

 EPA

24 ± 12

22 ± 12

29 ± 6

0.36

 U23

20 ± 4

20 ± 4

  

 U19

19 ± 9

24 ± 9

13 ± 4

0.05

 U17

25 ± 13

27 ± 14

16 ± 5

0.05

 U16

22 ± 9

22 ± 9

  

 U15

18 ± 8

18 ± 9

18 ± 3

1

Time from RPS− to RtPP (days)

14 ± 4

12 ± 3

17 ± 6

< 0.01*

 EPA

6 ± 21

7 ± 12

2 ± 1

0.50

 U23

2 ± 2

2 ± 2

  

 U19

7 ± 7

3 ± 2

13 ± 6c

< 0.01*

 U17

16 ± 9 a

12 ± 6b

28 ± 9c

< 0.01*

 U16

10 ± 6

10 ± 6

  

 U15

24 ± 27 a

26 ± 29b

17 ± 3

0.68

“Return to play” protocol

    

Blood tests

68 (88)

56 (91)

12 (75)

0.08

Resting ECG

77 (100)

61 (100)

16 (100)

1

Echocardiography transthoracic

77 (100)

61 (100)

16 (100)

1

Holter Monitor ECG 24 h

72 (94)

60 (98)

12 (75)

< 0.01*

Treadmill stress testing

77 (100)

61 (100)

16 (100)

1

Cardiac MRI

13 (17)

11 (18)

2 (12)

0.73

Abnormal results

    

Cardiac troponin T (61)

5 (8)

5 (10)

0

 

Resting ECG

0

0

0

 

Echocardiography transthoracic

2 (3)

0

2 (3)

 

Holter Monitor ECG 24 h

8 (11)

8 (13)

0

 

Treadmill stress testing

8 (11)

8 (13)

0

 
  1. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare data obtained from different teams
  2. BMI: body mass index; EPA: elite professional athlete with age > 16 years; EAT: ectopic atrial tachycardia; ECG: electrocardiogram; F: female; F-VEB: frequent ventricular extra beats; I-VEB: isolated ventricular extra beats; LBBB: left bundle brunch block morphology; LGE: late gadolinium enhancement; M: male; NF-VEB: not frequent ventricular extra beats; No: no abnormal finding; PE: pericardial effusion; RBBB: right bundle brunch block morphology; RPS + : positive rhino-pharyngeal swab; RPS-: negative rhino-pharyngeal swab; RtPP: return to play protocol; U23: professional athletes with age between predominantly < 23 years; U19: non-professional athletes with age 17–20 years; U17: non-professional athletes with age 15–18 years; U16: non-professional athletes with age 15–17 years; U15: non-professional athletes with age ≤ 15 years
  3. *p value < 0.05
  4. The bold divides different sections of the table
  5. aNon-homogeneous subgroups in total population according to the Bonferroni correction
  6. bNon-homogeneous subgroups in male population according to the Bonferroni correction
  7. cNon-homogeneous subgroups in female population according to the Bonferroni correction
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