Body Fat of Basketball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sansone, Pierpaolo; Makivic, Bojan; Csapo, Robert; Hume, Patria; Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro; Bauer, Pascal

doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00418-x

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 3 Selected body composition parameters measured with skinfolds

From: Body Fat of Basketball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Authors and year	Population						Methods		Outcomes
Authors and year	Sample size (n) and sex	Age (years) [mean ± SD or range]	Body mass (kg) [mean ± SD]	Body height (cm) [mean ± SD]	Level	Sample description	Equipment	Formula	Body fat % [mean ± SD]	Lean compartment mass (% or kg) [mean ± SD]
Ben Abdelkrim et al. [20]^a	30, M	22.5 ± 4.6 ^b	91.5 ± 7.6 ^b	198.8 ± 6.7 ^b	International	Tunisian senior and under-20 national teams	Lange	Durnin & Womersley (1974)	10.0 ± 2.4% ^b	n.a
Albaladejo et al. [62]^ac	8, M	26.8 ± 5.4	98.6 ± 15.4	198.4 ± 12.0	International	Spanish first and European leagues	Holtain	Rose & Guimaraes (1980)	11.2 ± 2.1%	48.0 ± 7.5 kg [MM]
Calleja-Gonzalez et al. [63]	27, M	24.9 ± 2.2 ^b	95.8 ± 26.3 ^b	196.2 ± 5.1 ^b	International	Croatian and Japanese national teams	Harpenden	Jackson & Pollock (1980)	10.3 ± 1.8% ^b	n.a
Cui et al. [16]^a	1160, M	20.7 ± 1.4 ^b	98.2 ± 11.6 ^b	197.7 ± 8.5 ^b	International	NBA drafted players	n.a	n.a	7.2 ± 2.7% ^b	n.a
Doeven et al. [64]	14, M	26.7 ± 3.8	100.3 ± 15.2	197.2 ± 9.1	International	Dutch first and European leagues	n.a	n.a	10.3 ± 3.6%	n.a
Gonzalez et al. [65]	7, M	28.2 ± 3.4	104.7 ± 13.9	200.9 ± 9.4	International	NBA	n.a	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	7.2 ± 1.9%	n.a
Juric et al. [66]	28, M	24.0 ± 4.5	95.5 ± 12.3	194.5 ± 9.5	International	Croatian first and ABA leagues	Harpenden	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	12.7 ± 3.9%	n.a
Mtsweni et al. [67]	14, F	24.0 ± 3.5	71.1 ± 13.3	174.2 ± 1.0	International	South African national team	n.a	Durnin & Womersley (1974)	22.3 ± 5.5%	n.a
Ponce-González et al. [68]^a	12, M	24.1 ± 4.9	91.8 ± 10.6	196.4 ± 10.1	International	Spanish first and Eurocup leagues	Holtain	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	10.3 ± 1.0%	n.a
Tsoufi et al. [69]^a	15, M	24.0 ± 4.0	105.6 ± 18.2	203.0 ± 7.0	International	Greek first and European leagues	Harpenden	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	8.0 ± 2.7%	96.9 ± 14.6 kg [FFM]
Vaquera et al. [22]^a	24, M	19.0 ± 0.1	93.4 ± 0.2	196.8 ± 1.9	International	Under-20 European championship	Harpenden	Juhasz (1974)	9.6 ± 2.4%	n.a
Zhao et al. [70]	16, M	21.2 ± 2.2	98.3 ± 9.9	203.0 ± 8.6	International	National and international competitions	Lange	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	14.4 ± 1.5%	n.a
Boone and Borgois [71]^a	144, M	26.4 ± 5.3	95.9 ± 11.8	196.3 ± 7.2	National	Belgian first division	Harpenden	Parkizkova (1977)	12.9 ± 3.9%	n.a
Brini et al. [72]^c	16, M	23.4 ± 2.3	78.3 ± 11.0	186.0 ± 9.0	National	Tunisian second division players	Harpenden	Durnin & Womersley (1974)	13.0 ± 1.7% ^b	n.a
Chatzinikolaou et al. [73]	20, M	23.2 ± 2.5	92.9 ± 7.8	196.0 ± 5.1	National	Greek first league	n.a	n.a	9.8 ± 2.9%	n.a
Daniel et al. [74]	7, M	28.9 ± 6.0	94.8 ± 12.4	195.7 ± 6.7	National	Brazilian first league	n.a	n.a	11.1 ± 4.9%	n.a
Daniel et al. [75]	10, M	27.6 ± 5.5	91.6 ± 11.5	192.6 ± 7.6	National	Brazilian first league	Lange	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	10.7 ± 4.1%	n.a
Dragonea et al. [76]	12, M	26.0 ± 2.0	92.9 ± 2.5	191.0 ± 2.0	National	Greek first and second leagues	n.a	n.a	12.5 ± 1.1%	n.a
Ferioli et al. [19]^a	67, M	25.5 ± 4.8 ^b	94.6 ± 11.3 ^b	197.6 ± 8.6 ^b	National	Italian first and second league	Harpenden	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	11.3 ± 3.3% ^b	n.a
Gomes et al. [77]^c	11, M	25.1 ± 4.3 ^c	101.5 ± 22.0 ^c	195.4 ± 11.3 ^c	National	Brazil national league	Lange	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	13.8 ± 3.6% ^b	86.9 ± 16.4 kg [LBM]
Kariyawasam et al. [78]	30, M	24.0 ± 4.5	79.3 ± 12.9	183.3 ± 8.4	National	Sri Lankan national level players	Harpenden	Pollock & Jackson (1980)	11.6 ± 5.5%	n.a
Korkmaz et al. [79]	60, M	22.8 ± 4.0 ^b	91.5 ± 10.9 ^b	195.5 ± 5.2 ^b	National	Turkish first and second division	Harpenden	Durnin & Womersley (1974)	13.6 ± 3.5% ^b	78.8 ± 4.6 kg ^b [LBM]
asanovic et al. [80]	14, M	23.5 ± 2.8	99.6 ± 11.6	199.5 ± 7.4	National	Serbian first league	n.a	Matiegka (1921)	11.5 ± 2.0%	51.3 ± 2.0% [MM]
Pehar et al. [18]^a	110, M	21.6 ± 3.9	89.3 ± 10.9	194.9 ± 8.1	National	Bosnian first and second league	Holtain	Durnin & Womersley (1974)	9.1 ± 3.4%	n.a
Peña et al. [81]	18, M	25.4 ± 5.2	92.6 ± 9.8	197.1 ± 8.8	National	Spanish first division	Holtain	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	7.4 ± 1.0%	n.a
Pireva [82]	130, M	19–35	91.5 ± 11.6	193.6 ± 7.8	National	Kosovan first league	Harpenden	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	15.7 ± 2.0%	76.9 ± 9.0 kg [LBM]
Pluncevic et al. [83]	110, M	20.9 ± 3.3	86.1 ± 12.3	191.2 ± 7.5	National	Macedonian premier league players	n.a	Matiegka (1921)	13.9 ± 4.0%	54.3 ± 3.7% [MM]
Puente et al. [84]	10, F	27.9 ± 6.1	70.9 ± 13.0	175.2 ± 0.1	National	Spanish second league	n.a	Carter (1982)	16.8 ± 5.4%	47.1 ± 4.3% [MM]
Sekulic et al. [85]^a	110, M	21.6 ± 3.9	89.3 ± 10.9	194.9 ± 8.1	National	Bosnia and Herzegovina’s first and second divisions	Holtain	n.a	9.0 ± 3.4%	n.a
Thigpen et al. [86]	11, M	21.0 ± 1.0	85.4 ± 7.6	188.0 ± 9.0	National	NCAA Division II	Lange	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	8.7 ± 2.4%	n.a
Thigpen et al. [86]	11, F	19.0 ± 1.0	75.3 ± 10.1	175.0 ± 8.0	National	NCAA Division II	Lange	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	14.2 ± 6.4%	n.a
Vaquera et al. [22]^b	44, M	28.5 ± 1.2 ^b	97.3 ± 3.1 ^b	196.7 ± 2.9 ^b	National	Spanish first and second leagues	Harpenden	Juhasz (1974)	11.9 ± 3.6% ^b	n.a
Watson et al. [87]	9, F	19.9 ± 1.1	76.0 ± 10.3	176.0 ± 9.0	National	NCAA Division II	Lange	Jackson & Pollock (1985)	25.0 ± 2.7%	57.0 ± 7.6 kg [FFM]
De Oliveira et al. [88]^a	183, M	26.4 ± 9.3	86.2 ± 21.6 ^b	184.0 ± 11.1 ^b	Regional	Brazilian state championship teams	Cescorf	Durnin & Womersley (1974)	17.9 ± 7.6% ^b	n.a
Ferioli et al. [19]^a	62, M	23.2 ± 5.7 ^a	85.8 ± 12.8 ^a	190.3 ± 8.5 ^a	Regional	Italian third and fourth leagues	Harpenden	Jackson & Pollock (1978)	11.5 ± 4.2% ^a	n.a
Freitas et al. [89]^c	18, M	21.3 ± 4.3 ^b	90.9 ± 14.8 ^b	194.5 ± 11.4 ^b	Regional	Spanish fourth league	Harpenden	Faulkner (1968)	12.3 ± 1.9% ^b	44.4 ± 5.8 kg ^a [MM]
Gomez et al. [90]	44, M	18–30	89.1 ± 10.9	189.6 ± 8.1	Regional	Spanish university league	Holtain	Faulkner (1968)	14.9 ± 3.2%	47.7 ± 2.6% [MM]
	24, F	18–30	67.8 ± 8.3	173.0 ± 8.6					15.6 ± 2.3%	44.5 ± 2.9% [MM]
Korkmaz et al. [79]	30, M	22.1 ± 2.4	91.0 ± 8.6	195.0 ± 5.0	Regional	Turkish third division	Harpenden	Durnin & Womersley (1974)	12.1 ± 3.5%	78.1 ± 6.2 [LBM]
Marca [91]	18, M	25.0 ± 6.0	82.3 ± 8.8	183.1 ± 6.5	Regional	Spanish fourth and fifth league	n.a	n.a	15.9 ± 3.5%	43.8 ± 2.8% [MM]
	23, F	22.0 ± 3.0	67.4 ± 12.6	169.9 ± 9.5	Regional and National	Spanish second and third league			24.6 ± 5.9%	39.1 ± 5.5% [MM]
Masanovic et al. [76]	12, M	25.1 ± 3.2	90.6 ± 14.5	192.5 ± 4.6	Regional	Serbian fifth league	n.a	Matiegka (1921)	16.4 ± 6.8%	48.4 ± 3.6% [MM]
Mtsweni et al. [67]	41, F	21.7 ± 3.2 ^b	63.8 ± 10.3 ^b	164.0 ± 1.2 ^b	Regional	South African university and provincial leagues	n.a	Durnin & Womersley (1974)	22.1 ± 5.8% ^b	n.a
Pacheco Gabaldon et al. [92]	17, M	23.8 ± 5.6	87.3 ± 13.1	189.5 ± 9.1	Regional	Spanish federal league	Holtain	Carter (1982)	9.2 ± 1.9%	46.9 ± 1.6% [MM]
Puente et al. [84]	10, M	27.1 ± 4.0	89.5 ± 13.5	193.1 ± 8.8	Regional	Spanish fifth league	n.a	Carter (1982)	11.8 ± 3.1%	48.3 ± 2.4% [MM]
Scanlan et al. [93]	10, M	22.7 ± 6.1	86.5 ± 18.7	189.6 ± 9.5	Regional	Queensland Basketball League players	Harpenden	n.a	14.7 ± 3.5%	n.a
Scanlan et al. [94]	12, M	25.9 ± 6.7	97.4 ± 16.1	188.9 ± 7.9	Regional	Australian state-level basketball players	Harpenden	Evans et al. (2005)	15.5 ± 5.0%	n.a
Scanlan et al. [2]^a	12, M	26.1 ± 5.3	85.9 ± 13.2	191.4 ± 7.6	Regional	Queensland Basketball League players	Harpenden	ACSM (2013)	11.5 ± 4.1%	n.a
	12, F	22.0 ± 3.7	72.9 ± 14.2	174.2 ± 7.0					17.2 ± 5.6%	n.a
Vaquera et al. [22]^a	22, M	20.0 ± 0.8	89.7 ± 2.9	193.5 ± 2.0	Regional	Spanish fourth league	Harpenden	Juhasz (1974)	11.0 ± 4.7%	n.a

ABA Adriatic Basketball Association; F female; FFM fat free mass; LBM lean body mass; NBA National Basketball Association; NCAA National Collegiate Athletic Association; M male; MM muscle mass; n.a not available; SD standard deviation; y years
^aStudies that reported the data for different player’s position
^bFor studies not reporting pooled estimates for the sample mean and sample standard deviation, the respective values were calculated using the sample sizes (n1, n2), means (m1, m2) and standard deviations (sd1, sd2) reported for the individual groups. The according equations are pooled mean = (m1*n1 + m2*n2)/(n1 + n2) and pooled sample standard deviation = sqrt [(n1 − 1)*sd1^2 + (n2-1)*sd2^2 + n1*(m1-m)^2 + n2*(m2-m)^2) / (n1 + n2-1)]
^cPre-intervention data or initial value of follow-up study presented; more data points available

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