Table 7 Maximal strength training interventions
References | Competition level, sex. N intervention groups, age (y) | Non-specific dry-land resistance training | Week tr./ tr. per week | Resistance training program for EG and any changes in the CG habitual training | Performance measured | Other measured effects | Positive effects of training intervention | Findings in swim performance * Significant change from pre- to posttest (p < 0.05) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Girold et al. [12] | Regional to national n = 14 7 M, 7 F EG, n = 7 16.5 ± 2.5 CG, n = 7 16.5 ± 1.5 | Maximal strength training | 12/2 | ST: 6 reps × 3, BP, pull ups, barbell draws, SQ, plyometrics CG: 45 min aerobic cycling | 50 m fc | SL, SR, SD, elbow flexor and extensor strength |  + 50 m, SD, elbow extensor strength | 50 m (s) ST: Pre 29.59 ± 2.88 Post 28.50 ± 2.00* CG: Pre 31.35 ± 2.30 Post 31.15 ± 1.85 |
Girold et al. [51] | National n = 16 8 M, 8 F EG, n = 8 21.1 ± 1.4 CG, n = 8 24.2 ± 4.6 | Maximal strength training | 4/3 | ST: 6 reps × 3 pull ups, latissimus pull down, swim-bench latissimus pull-downs 80–90% 1RM CG: swim only | 50 m fc | SL, SR, peak torque of arm extensors in isometric, arm extensors in concentric and arm extensors in eccentric |  + 50 m, SL, peak torque in concentric conditions | 50 m (s) ST: Pre 26.84 ± 1.90 Post 26.30 ± 0.34* CG: Pre 28.57 ± 2.20 Post 28.43 ± 0.17 |
Schumann et al. [42] | National n = 16 10 M, 6 F EG, n = 9 14.8 ± 1.0 CG, n = 7 15.1 ± 1.1 | Explosive and maximal strength training vs hypertrophic strength training | 16/3 | Wk 1–7: EG and CG trained 6–10 reps × 3 at 75–85% of 1RM of whole-body DLST Wk 8–16: EG trained 3–4reps × 4 at 85–90% of 1RM (SQ, deadlifts, BP, pull-ups) and explosive DLST (throws and jumps) CG: cont. with same training as in wk 1–7 | 400 m fc | 1RM half-SQ and BP, CMJ, swim-start performance, RPE |  + 1RM half-SQ and BP, CMJ | 400 m (s) EG: Pre 297 ± 17 Post 288 ± 11 CG: Pre 298.5 ± 13.5 Post 292.5 ± 8.5 |
Strass [43] | Regional n = 19 17 M, 2 F EG, n = 10 16.6 ± 1.2 CG, n = 9 17.8 ± 3.9 | Maximal strength training | 6/4 | EG: Arm extensor muscle training at 1–3 sets of 1–3 reps at 90–100% of 1 RM CG: swim only | 50 m fc | Isometric arm extension force, rate of force development, SR, SL |  + 50 m, 25 m, isometric arm extensor force, rate of force development, SR, SL | 50 m (s) EG: Pre 28.25 ± 1.28 Post 27.62 ± 1.22* CG: no change, no values reported |