Table 4 Results for specific dry-land swim-like resistance training
Reference | Competition level, sex, N in intervention groups, age(y) | Dry-land swim-like resistance training | Week tr./ tr. per week | Resistance training program for EG and any changes in the CG habitual training | Performance measured | Other measured effects | Positive effects of training intervention | Findings in swim performance * Significant change from pre- to posttest (p < 0.05) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Naczk et al. [40] | National n = 14 10 M, 4 F EG, n = 7 15.8 ± 0.4 CG, n = 7 15.8 ± 0.4 | Swim bench (Simulating fc and butterfly stroke) | 4/3 | EG: Swim bench training at max intensity CG: swim only | 100 m butterfly, 50 m fc | Bioelectrical impedance analysis (body mass analysis), muscle force and power |  + muscle force and power, 50 m fc and 100 m butterfly | 50 m (s) EG: Pre 27.74 ± 1.06 Post 27.52 ± 0.97* CG: Pre 29.38 ± 1.05 Post 29.35 ± 0.95 100 m (s) EG: Pre 67.94 ± 2.66 Post 66.70 ± 2.82* CG: Pre 68.34 ± 2.61 Post 68.22 ± 2.61 |
Roberts et al. [39] | National n = 16 M EG, n = 8 19.1 ± 2.1 CG, n = 8 19.1 ± 2.1 | Swim bench (simulating fc stroke) | 10/3 | EG: Biokinetic swim bench 10 s work – 10 s rest × 4 × 3 at max velocity CG: swim only | 91.44 m (100yd) fc | Body fat, biokinetic and isokinetic power, anaerobic power, SR, peak lactate |  + none | 91.44 m (s) EG: Pre 60 ± 2.5 Post 57 ± 2.5* CG: Pre 59 ± 2 Post 56 ± 1.5* |
Sadowski et al. [41] | Regional n = 26 M EG, n = 14 14.0 ± 0.5 CG, n = 12 14.1 ± 0.5 | Hydro-isokinetic ergometer (simulating underwater phase of fc) | 6/3 | EG: Hydro-isokinetic ergometer 6 sets of 50 s of work with 10 s rest CG: swim only | 25 m fc | Isometric power, tethered SF, SL, SR |  + tethered SF | 25 m (s) EG: Pre 14.71 ± 0.87 Post 14.53 ± 0.77 CG: Pre 16.89 ± 1.15 Post 16.78 ± 1.14 |
Sadowski et al. [21] | Regional n = 26 M EG, n = 12 15.8 ± 0.4 CG, n = 14 15.6 ± 0.6 | Hydro-isokinetic ergometer (simulating underwater phase of fc) | 12/3 | EG: Hydro-isokinetic ergometer 30 s work/ 30 s rest × 10 with SR at 50–60 strokes/min CG: habitual hypertrophy training with focus on upper body strength | 25 m fc | Isometric strength, tethered SF, SL, SR |  + isometric arm strength at 90º and 135º, SF in water and SV for both groups. Arm strength at 135º for EG | 25 m (s) EG: Pre 13.51 ± 0.44 Post 12.95 ± 0.47* CG: Pre 13.89 ± 1.24 Post 13.51 ± 1.18* |