Table 3 Pulmonary function and body composition
SHAM-Placebo (N = 16) | HBOT (N = 16) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | SHAM | 3 months | Baseline | Post-HBOT | 3 months | Baseline comparison P value | Net effect size | Time X group interaction F(P) | |
P value | P value | ||||||||
Pulmonary function | |||||||||
FEV1 (liters) | 3.79 ± 0.48 | 3.89 ± 0.57 | 0.29 | 3.46 ± 0.37 | 3.42 ± 0.40 | 0.64 | 0.08 | 0.469 [− 0.435–1.375] | 1.16 (0.29) |
FVC1 (liters) | 4.71 ± 0.79 | 4.91 ± 0.71 | 0.09 | 4.21 ± 4.27 | 4.27 ± 0.49 | 0.61 | 0.11 | 0.404 [− 0.462–1.271] | 0.77(0.38) |
FEV1/FVC | 0.80 ± 0.04 | 0.79 ± 0.05 | 0.45 | 0.82 ± 0.08 | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.437 [− 0.431–1.305] | 0.42(0.52) |
FEF25-75 (liters) | 3.59 ± 0.85 | 3.64 ± 0.83 | 0.77 | 3.77 ± 1.05 | 3.29 ± 0.62 | 0.12 | 0.66 | 0.751 [− 0.136–1.638] | 3.29(0.08) |
Body composition | |||||||||
Weight (kilograms) | 73.58 ± 11.34 | 73.09 ± 12.02 | 0.21 | 68.46 ± 6.70 | 67.91 ± 6.60 | 0.16 | 0.13 | − 0.092 [− 0.828–0.642] | 0.01(0.91) |
BMI | 24.16 ± 2.42 | 23.94 ± 2.62 | 0.10 | 23.21 ± 2.53 | 23.01 ± 2.47 | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.120 [− 0.614–0.856] | 0.03(0.86) |
BFM (kilograms) | 14.2 ± 4.67 | 13.71 ± 5.19 | 0.13 | 11.33 ± 4.66 | 10.43 ± 4.39 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.030 [− 0.704–0.765] | 0.60(0.44) |
SMM (kilograms) | 33.51 ± 5.63 | 33.55 ± 5.63 | 0.85 | 32.16 ± 3.73 | 32.4 ± 3.75 | 0.11 | 0.43 | − 0.214 [− 0.951–0.522] | 0.58(0.44) |
TBW (liters) | 43.48 ± 6.64 | 43.42 ± 6.69 | 0.84 | 41.78 ± 4.60 | 42.03 ± 4.65 | 0.21 | 0.41 | − 0.133 [− 0.869–0.602] | 0.75(0.39) |
ICW (liters) | 27.23 ± 4.32 | 27.27 ± 4.31 | 0.82 | 26.19 ± 2.87 | 26.38 ± 2.86 | 0.08 | 0.43 | − 0.226 [− 0.926–0.510] | 0.55(0.46) |
Physical measurements | |||||||||
Knee ROM (degrees) | 61.45 ± 12.99 | 62.75 ± 15.85 | 0.62 | 61.77 ± 11.77 | 59.69 ± 13.55 | 0.48 | 0.94 | 0.327 [− 0.456–1.111] | 0.74 (0.39) |
Quads max power (kilograms) | 20.9 ± 7.32 | 18.7 ± 7.59 | 0.07 | 22.34 ± 5.40 | 21.66 ± 5.36 | 0.66 | 0.55 | − 0.296 [− 1.079–0.486] | 0.61 (0.44) |
Vertical jump (centimeters) | 39.27 ± 8.42 | 38.38 ± 5.43 | 0.53 | 40.1 ± 7.85 | 40.49 ± 8.89 | 0.68 | 0.79 | − 0.297[− 1.081–0.485] | 0.62 (0.44) |
Step test (beats/minute) | 135.69 ± 15.61 | 127.07 ± 17.59 | 0.012 | 136.13 ± 20.62 | 133.42 ± 16.57 | 0.54 | 0.95 | − 0.626[− 1.438–0.186] | 2.64 (0.11) |
Agility test (seconds) | 15.99 ± 1.69 | 16.25 ± 2.07 | 0.85 | 15.86 ± 1.16 | 15.40 ± 1.62 | 0.36 | 0.81 | 0.251 [− 0.549–1.052] | 0.42 (0.52) |