Studies | Study Design & Duration | Participants (N, gender, age [year], BMI [kg/m2]) | Intervention | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|
Asikainen et al. [38] | 15 weeks randomized controlled trial | Postmenopausal women, N = 134 BMI ˂32; W1 (n = 46), Age: 58 ± 4.4; W2 (n = 43), Age: 58 ± 4.2; C1 (n = 45), Age: 57 ± 4.2; | W1: 1 × daily walking; Duration: 46.6 ± 5.4 min W2: 2 × daily walking with ≥ 5-h interval; Duration: 2 × 24.0 ± 3.2 min Walking @65% V̇O2max; TEE @300 kcal/d; 5 d/w C1: no daily walking Timing: anytime of the day | DBP: ↓ W1 & W2 vs C1 Mean blood glucose: ↓ W1 & W2 vs C1 2-h glucose: ↓ W1 & W2 vs C1 SBP, serum lipoproteins and insulin levels:  ↔ in all groups |
Eriksen et al. [31] | 5 weeks randomized controlled trial | T2D, males, N = 28 Group 1 × 30: [n = 9; Age: 59 ± 8; BMI: 30(27–37)]; Group 3 × 10: [n = 9; Age: 60 ± 4; BMI: 35(29–41)]; Time-control: [n = 10; Age: 61 ± 7; BMI: 31(28–37)] | 3 × 10-min: 3 × 10-min cycling/d 1 × 30-min: 1 × 30-min cycling/d Cycling @60–65% V̇O2max, 6-d/w Control group: Free-living conditions Physical activity and meal timing: unspecified | Cardiorespiratory fitness: ↑ Group 3 × 10 and 1 × 30 Fasting plasma glucose, 120-min glucose OGTT and PPG AUC at 120 and 180-min: ↓ Group 3 × 10, ↔ Group 1 × 30 ISI composite, ISR and Btotal: ↔ Group 3 × 10 and 1 × 30 |
Pahra et al. [15] | 60-d randomized crossover trial | T2D, N = 64; Group A: (n = 32; Age:49.0 ± 9.7); Group B: (n = 32; Age: 50.7 ± 3.2) | Post-meal EX: 3 × 15-min walking, @15-min after each meal One-time daily EX: 1 × 45-min walking, before breakfast Walking @4.8 km/h | Five point blood glucose profile & HbA1c: ↓ Group A, B in Post-meal EX vs One-time daily EX |
Reynolds et al. [14] | 2 weeks randomized crossover trial | T2D, N = 41 (M26/F15); Age: 60 ± 9.9; BMI: ~ 32 | Post-meal walking: 3 × 10-min walking, after each meal Single daily 30-min walking: 1 × 30-min walking, anytime of the day | PPG 3-h iAUC: ↓ Post-meal walking vs single daily 30-min walking |