From: Quantifying Collision Frequency and Intensity in Rugby Union and Rugby Sevens: A Systematic Review
Study: author (year) | Number of matches/training sessions | Type of collisions | Frequency definition | Frequency of collisions: mean ± SD | Relative frequency of collisions: mean ± SD (no. per min) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rugby union | |||||||
Austin et al. (2011) [31] | 7 matches | Tackling | Number during match play | Front row forwards: 20 ± 4 | NR | ||
Back row forwards: 19 ± 4 | |||||||
Inside backs: 25 ± 13 | |||||||
Outside backs: 20 ± 7 | |||||||
Scrummaging (ruck/maul/scrum) | Front row forwards: 62 ± 13 | ||||||
Back row forwards: 68 ± 15 | |||||||
Inside backs: 17 ± 7 | |||||||
Outside backs: 14 ± 5 | |||||||
Bradley et al. (2017) [33] | 60 matches | Scrums | Scrum (count) total: | 2013: 16.9 ± 4.3 | NR | ||
2014: 14.7 ± 3.3 | |||||||
2015: 14.5 ± 3.3 | |||||||
2016: 16.5 ± 4.5 | |||||||
Campbell et al. (2017) [34] | 14 matches | Tackles | Per match or training session | Match: | Training: | Match: | Training: |
29 training session | Outside backs: | 1.5 ± 1 | 1.1 ± 1.5 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | ||
Centres: | 5.7 ± 2.6 | 2.9 ± 3.1 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.03 ± 0.04 | |||
Halves: | 4.5 ± 2.4 | 1.8 ± 2.2 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | |||
Loose forwards: | 7.2 ± 3.2 | 2.4 ± 2.6 | 0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.02 ± 0.04 | |||
Locks forwards: | 6 ± 2.9 | 2.4 ± 2.6 | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | |||
Front row forwards: | 5.6 ± 3 | 1.7 ± 1.8 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | |||
Rucks | Loose forwards: | 12.9 ± 4.2 | 1.3 ± 3.8 | 0.1 ± 0.04 | 0.01 ± 0.04 | ||
Locks forwards: | 15 ± 6.4 | 1 ± 4.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.01 ± 0.04 | |||
Front row forwards: | 10.9 ± 4.5 | 1.2 ± 3.6 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.01 ± 0.03 | |||
Mauls | Loose forwards: | 3.1 ± 2.7 | 1.5 ± 3 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.01 ± 0.03 | ||
Locks forwards: | 3.3 ± 3 | 1.9 ± 3.3 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.02 ± 0.03 | |||
Front row forwards: | 2.9 ± 2.6 | 1.8 ± 3.4 | 0.04 ± 0.04 | 0.02 ± 0.04 | |||
Scrums | Loose forwards: | 23.4 ± 3.9 | 1.8 ± 3.4 | 0.3 ± 0.06 | 0.02 ± 0.06 | ||
Locks forwards: | 21.4 ± 7.2 | 1.6 ± 3.2 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.01 ± 0.03 | |||
Front row forwards: | 21.7 ± 5.5 | 1.6 ± 3.2 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.01 ± 0.03 | |||
Deutsch et al. (1998) [40] | 4 matches | Ruck/maul | Total | Props and Locks: 72 ± 7 | NR | ||
Back row: 78 ± 8 | |||||||
Inside backs: 12 ± 2 | |||||||
Outside backs: 9 ± 4 | |||||||
Scrum | Props and Locks: 32 ± 3 | ||||||
Back row: 35 ± 1 | |||||||
Deutsch et al. (2007) [41] | 9 matches | Forwards: | Backs: | NR | |||
Ruck/maul | Total | 66.9 ± 15.8 | 9.5 ± 5.7 | ||||
Scrums | 38.2 ± 8.7 | ||||||
Tackling | 23.1 ± 14 | 23.4 ± 10.2 | |||||
Duthie et al. (2005) [43] | 16 matches | Forwards: | Backs: | NR | |||
Static exertion | No per game | Front row: 78 ± 16 | Inside back: 27 ± 10 | ||||
Back row: 82 ± 17 | Outside back: 13 ± 5 | ||||||
Total: 80 ± 17 | Total: 21 ± 11 | ||||||
Tackles | No per game | Front row: 10 ± 8 | Inside back: 11 ± 6 | ||||
Back row: 13 ± 5 | Outside back: 7 ± 4 | ||||||
Total: 11 ± 7 | Total: 9 ± 6 | ||||||
Eaton et al. (2006) [44] | 6 matches | Rucks and mauls | Number | Prop: 38 ± 12 | NR | ||
Hooker: 49 ± 10 | |||||||
Lock: 49 ± 19 | |||||||
Loose: 48 ± 13 | |||||||
Scrum half: 15 ± 5 | |||||||
Inside back: 15 ± 9 | |||||||
Outside back: 13 ± 6 | |||||||
Tackling: Tackler | Prop: 8 ± 4 | ||||||
Hooker: 8 ± 4 | |||||||
Lock: 11 ± 3 | |||||||
Loose: 13 ± 6 | |||||||
Scrum half: 11 ± 4 | |||||||
Inside back: 9 ± 4 | |||||||
Outside back: 6 ± 3 | |||||||
Tackled | Prop: 5 ± 3 | ||||||
Hooker: 7 ± 4 | |||||||
Lock: 4 ± 2 | |||||||
Loose: 8 ± 5 | |||||||
Scrum half: 9 ± 4 | |||||||
Inside back: 5 ± 3 | |||||||
Outside back: 5 ± 3 | |||||||
Scrums | Prop: 29 ± 6 | ||||||
Hooker: 29 ± 6 | |||||||
Lock: 29 ± 6 | |||||||
Loose: 27 ± 7 | |||||||
Average total | 29 ± 6 | ||||||
Fuller et al. (2007) [45] | 50 matches | Contact events | Total | 22,842 | NR | ||
Scrums | Total | 1447 | |||||
Tackles | Total | 11,048 | |||||
Rucks | Total | 7124 | |||||
Mauls | Total | 921 | |||||
Fuller et al. (2008) [46] | 26 matches | Tackles | General play total | 6219 | NR | ||
One on one tackles | No of tackles in general play: | Tackler-1 (all): 3558 | |||||
Arm: 1690 | |||||||
Collision: 384 | |||||||
Jersey: 93 | |||||||
Lift: 16 | |||||||
Shoulder: 826 | |||||||
Smoother: 526 | |||||||
Tap: 23 | |||||||
Double tackles | No of tackles in general play: | Tackler-1 (all): 2512 | |||||
Arm: 1443 | |||||||
Collision: 10 | |||||||
Jersey: 86 | |||||||
Lift: 11 | |||||||
Shoulder: 746 | |||||||
Smoother: 209 | |||||||
Tap: 7 | |||||||
Tackler-2 (all): 2512 | |||||||
Arm: 1589 | |||||||
Collision: 14 | |||||||
Jersey: 22 | |||||||
Lift: 3 | |||||||
Shoulder: 358 | |||||||
Smoother: 527 | |||||||
Tap: 2 | |||||||
Arm double tackles: | No of tackles in general play: | Ball Carrier: | |||||
Forward: 650 | |||||||
Back: 750 | |||||||
One-on-one collision tackles: | No of tackles in general play: | Ball Carrier: | |||||
Forward: 146 | |||||||
Back: 217 | |||||||
Hendricks et al. (2013) [49] | 21 matches | Tackles | Per match | 114 ± 20 | NR | ||
Scrums | Total | 199 | |||||
Maul | Total | 152 | |||||
Hendricks et al. (2014) [50] | 18 matches | Tackles | Per match | 116 ± 20 | NR | ||
Each competition week | 149 | ||||||
Per team | 131 | ||||||
Hendricks et al. (2018) [8] | 12: Six Nations | Tackles | Total | 4479 | NR | ||
15: Championship | Championship | 1853 | |||||
Six Nations | 2626 | ||||||
Per match in Six Nations | 175 ± 21 | ||||||
Per match in Championship | 154 ± 36 | ||||||
Rucks | Total | 2914 | |||||
Championship | 1234 | ||||||
Six Nations | 1680 | ||||||
Per match in Six Nations | 112 ± 27 | ||||||
Per match in Championship | 103 ± 30 | ||||||
Jones et al. (2014) [52] | 4 matches | Forwards: | Backs: | ||||
Tackles | Per match | 5 ± 3 | 4 ± 3 | ||||
Contacts hit | Per match | 15 ± 6 | 6 ± 4 | ||||
Impacts | Total | 25 ± 9 | 15 ± 7 | ||||
Scrums | Number | 13 ± 5 | 0 | ||||
Contacts | Total | 31 ± 14 | 16 ± 7 | ||||
Lacome et al. (2016) [54] | 18 matches | Tackles | Players Completing Entire Match | NR | Forwards: | Backs: | |
First half: | First half: | ||||||
0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | ||||||
Second half: 0.1 ± 0.1 | Second half: 0.1 ± 0.1 | ||||||
Lindsay et al. (2015) [55] | NR | Impacts: | Total | NR | Group: 0.5 ± 0.2 | ||
Forwards: 0.6 ± 0.2 | |||||||
Backs: 0.4 ± 0.2 | |||||||
Front row: 0.5 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Locks: 0.5 ± 0.01 | |||||||
Loose forwards: 0.6 ± 0.4 | |||||||
Inside backs: 0.4 ± 0.2 | |||||||
Outside backs: 0.3 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Tackles and tackle assists: | Total | Groups: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||
Forwards: 0.2 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Backs: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Front row: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Locks: 0.2 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Loose forwards: 0.2 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Inside backs: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Outside backs: 0.07 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Rucks: | Total | Groups: 0.2 ± 0.2 | |||||
Forwards: 0.3 ± 0.3 | |||||||
Backs: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Front row: 0.3 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Locks: 0.3 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Loose forwards: 0.4 ± 0.4 | |||||||
Inside backs: 0.2 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Outside backs: 0.1 ± 0.03 | |||||||
Ball carries | Total | Groups: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||
Forwards: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Backs: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Front row: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Locks: 0.1 ± 0.02 | |||||||
Loose forwards: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Inside backs: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Outside backs: 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||||
Lindsay et al. (2017) [56] | 2 matches | Impacts | Total | Game 1: 21.3 ± 13.4 | NR | ||
Game 2: 26.8 ± 13.5 | |||||||
McIntosh et al. (2010) [57] | 77 matches (15 Elite, 15 Grade, 24 < 20) | Collisions | Total | Elite: 1422 | Tackle per hour: | ||
Grade: 1368 | Elite: 142 | ||||||
< 20: 2000 | Grade: 152 | ||||||
< 20: 135 | |||||||
Quarrie et al. (2007) [63] | 26 matches | Number of match activities | 1995: | 2004: | NR | ||
Scrums | 33 ± 7 | 26 ± 7 | |||||
Rucks | 72 ± 18 | 178 ± 27 | |||||
Mauls | 33 ± 8 | 22 ± 9 | |||||
Tackles | 160 ± 32 | 270 ± 25 | |||||
Quarrie et al. (2008) [64] | 434 matches | Tackle events | Total analysed | 140,269 | NR | ||
Per game | 203 ± 29 | ||||||
Quarrie et al. (2012) [65] | 27 matches | Scrums | Per match | Prop: 25 ± 7.8 | NR | ||
Hooker: 25 ± 7.6 | |||||||
Lock: 25 ± 7.9 | |||||||
Flankers: 25 ± 7.9 | |||||||
Number 8: 25 ± 7.5 | |||||||
Mauls | Per match | Prop: 1.4 ± 1.5 | |||||
Hooker: 2 ± 2.04 | |||||||
Lock: 1.9 ± 1.9 | |||||||
Flankers: 1.8 ± 1 | |||||||
Number 8: 1.8 ± 1.4 | |||||||
Scrum Half: 0.2 ± 1 | |||||||
Fly Half: 0.2 ± 0.8 | |||||||
Midfield back: 0.3 ± 0.8 | |||||||
Wing: 0.2 ± 1 | |||||||
Full back: 0.3 ± 0.8 | |||||||
Successful tackles | Per match | Prop: 7.9 ± 3.6 | |||||
Hooker: 9.7 ± 3.8 | |||||||
Lock: 11 ± 3.8 | |||||||
Flankers: 14 ± 4.1 | |||||||
Number 8: 12 ± 4 | |||||||
Scrum Half: 8.2 ± 3.3 | |||||||
Fly Half: 9.7 ± 3.5 | |||||||
Midfield back: 10 ± 4 | |||||||
Wing: 5.5 ± 2.7 | |||||||
Full back: 4.1 ± 2.3 | |||||||
Number of times tackled | Per match | Prop: 3.6 ± 2.6 | |||||
Hooker: 6.2 ± 3.2 | |||||||
Lock: 4.7 ± 2.8 | |||||||
Flankers: 6.1 ± 3.4 | |||||||
Number 8: 9.7 ± 3.9 | |||||||
Scrum Half: 4.3 ± 2.7 | |||||||
Fly Half: 3.9 ± 2.6 | |||||||
Midfield back: 6.5 ± 3.1 | |||||||
Wing: 5.4 ± 2.9 | |||||||
Full back: 6.1 ± 3.1 | |||||||
Reardon et al. (2017) [24] | 13 matches | Collisions | Total | Prop: 33 ± 8 | NR | ||
Hooker: 29 ± 8 | |||||||
Second row: 33 ± 7 | |||||||
Back row: 42 ± 8 | |||||||
Scrum half: 10 ± 6 | |||||||
Out half: 19 ± 3 | |||||||
Centre: 23 ± 7 | |||||||
Wing: 22 ± 3 | |||||||
Fullback: 20 ± 5 | |||||||
Reardon et al. (2017) [66] | 17 matches | Collisions | NR | NR | Tight five forwards: 0.7 ± 0.6–0.8 | ||
Back row forwards: 0.9 ± 0.8–1.01 | |||||||
Inside backs: 0.3 ± 0.2–0.4 | |||||||
Outside backs: 0.4 ± 0.3–0.6 | |||||||
Roberts et al. (2008) [68] | NR | Forwards: | Backs: | NR | |||
Rucks | Number | 35 ± 8 | 11 ± 6 | ||||
Mauls | 25 ± 8 | 4 ± 4 | |||||
Scrums | 21 ± 12 | ||||||
Tackle | 14 ± 4 | 10 ± 4 | |||||
Roberts et al. (2014) [69] | 30 matches (10 from each group: A, B, C) | Collisions | Total analysed | 370 | NR | ||
Scrums | Per match | 32.2 | |||||
Tackles | Per match | 140.9 | |||||
Rucks | Per match | 115.0 | |||||
Mauls | Per match | 23.4 | |||||
Schoeman et al. (2015) [73] | 30 matches | Tackles | Per position | 60 | NR | ||
Total tackles in 30 games: | Loose-head prop: 568 | ||||||
Hooker: 475 | |||||||
Tight-head prop: 553 | |||||||
Loose-head lock: 666 | |||||||
Tight-head lock: 674 | |||||||
Blind-side flank: 742 | |||||||
Open-side flank: 868 | |||||||
Eighthman: 797 | |||||||
Scrum-half: 423 | |||||||
Fly-half: 505 | |||||||
Left wing: 277 | |||||||
Inside centre: 668 | |||||||
Outside centre: 515 | |||||||
Right wing: 319 | |||||||
Full-back: 301 | |||||||
Mean collision rate/80 min: | Loose-head prop: 39.3 | ||||||
Hooker: 38.5 | |||||||
Tight-head prop: 42.1 | |||||||
Loose-head lock: 44.8 | |||||||
Tight-head lock: 41.2 | |||||||
Blind-side flank: 46.1 | |||||||
Open-side flank: 50.9 | |||||||
Eighthman: 43.1 | |||||||
Scrum-half: 16.3 | |||||||
Fly-half: 19.5 | |||||||
Left wing: 19.4 | |||||||
Inside centre: 32.3 | |||||||
Outside centre: 25.7 | |||||||
Right wing: 19.9 | |||||||
Full-back: 20.5 | |||||||
Mean tackle rate/80 min: | Loose-head prop: 12.1 | ||||||
Hooker: 11.1 | |||||||
Tight-head prop: 13.2 | |||||||
Loose-head lock: 13.7 | |||||||
Tight-head lock: 14.1 | |||||||
Blind-side flank: 16.6 | |||||||
Open-side flank: 17.3 | |||||||
Eighthman: 14.7 | |||||||
Scrum-half: 8.9 | |||||||
Fly-half: 9.4 | |||||||
Left wing: 5.2 | |||||||
Inside centre: 12.9 | |||||||
Outside centre: 9.9 | |||||||
Right wing: 6.3 | |||||||
Full-back: 5.4 | |||||||
Smart et al. (2008) [74] | 5 matches | Forwards: | Backs: | Forwards: | Backs: | ||
Tackles made | Per match | 13.6 ± 7.5 | 6.5 ± 4.7 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | ||
Scrums | Number | 12 ± 4.4 | 0 | ||||
Scrums | Total | 147.4 ± 89.8 | 0 | ||||
Impact | Per match | 43.6 ± 18.3 | 13.5 ± 7.4 | ||||
Collisions | |||||||
Smart et al. (2014) [75] | 296 matches | Tackles | Successful tackles (%) | Forwards: | Backs: | NR | |
88 ± 14 | 80 ± 20 | ||||||
Takarada (2003) [79] | 2 matches | Tackle | Mean tackles per match | 14 ± 7.4 | NR | ||
Tucker et al. (2017) [85] | 1516 matches | Rucks | Per match | 162.9 | NR | ||
Mauls | Per match | 10.4 | |||||
Tackles | Per match | 158 | |||||
Tackles/player/match | Fly half: 5 | ||||||
Scrum half: 3.8 | |||||||
Centre: 5.8 | |||||||
Full back: 2.1 | |||||||
Wing: 2.7 | |||||||
Hooker: 6.9 | |||||||
Number 8: 6.4 | |||||||
Prop: 5.5 | |||||||
Lock: 6.1 | |||||||
Flanker: 7.4 | |||||||
Van Rooyen et al. (2008) [86] | 7 matches | Impact contacts | Average per game | Total: 386 | NR | ||
Forwards: 257 | |||||||
Backs: 125 | |||||||
Scrum: | Forwards: 81 | ||||||
Ruck: | Forwards: 48 | ||||||
Backs: 8 | |||||||
Maul: | Forwards: 14 | ||||||
Backs: 4.5 | |||||||
Van Rooyen et al. (2012) [87] | 69 matches | Tackles | Total per match | 21,886 (average 159 ± 42) | NR | ||
6 Nations | 165 ± 28 | ||||||
Tri Nations | 141 ± 24 | ||||||
RWC | 156 ± 47 | ||||||
Van Rooyen et al. (2014) [88] | 15 matches | Tackle | Tackle situations per match | Average: 191 ± 32 | NR | ||
Average winning team: 89 ± 30 | |||||||
Average losing team: 101 ± 24 | |||||||
Vaz et al. (2010) [89] | IRB competitions: 64 matches | Tackles made: | Total | Winners: | Losers: | NR | |
88 ± 27.6 | 89 ± 37.8 | ||||||
Vaz et al. (2012) [90] | Training session (Small sided games) | Tackles | Tackles made: | Novice: | Experienced: | NR | |
28.2 ± 3.3 | 48.7 ± 3.3 | ||||||
Villarejo et al. (2013) [92] | 48 matches | Tackles | Attempted tackles | Front row: 10 | NR | ||
Second row: 10.9 | |||||||
Back row: 14.3 | |||||||
Scrum halves: 12.5 | |||||||
Middle backs: 10.5 | |||||||
Back three: 5.9 | |||||||
Tackles made | Front row: 8 | ||||||
Second row: 8.6 | |||||||
Back row: 11.2 | |||||||
Scrum halves: 8.3 | |||||||
Middle backs: 7.2 | |||||||
Back three: 3.7 | |||||||
Ineffective tackles | Front row: 0.7 | ||||||
Second row: 0.6 | |||||||
Back row: 1.1 | |||||||
Scrum halves: 1.7 | |||||||
Middle backs: 1.2 | |||||||
Back three: 0.9 | |||||||
Villarejo et al. (2015) [93] | 48 matches | Tackles | Attempted tackles | Winning team: | Losing team: | NR | |
Front row: 10.5 ± 14.04 | Front row: 9.4 ± 12.4 | ||||||
Second row: 10.2 ± 8.6 | Second row: 11.6 ± 14.9 | ||||||
Back row: 14.5 ± 14.6 | Back row: 14.2 ± 17.6 | ||||||
Scrum halves: 9.5 ± 11.1 | Scrum halves: 15.3 ± 24.7 | ||||||
Inside backs: 9.3 ± 12.9 | Inside backs: 11.4 ± 10.6 | ||||||
Outside backs: 5.5 ± 9.6 | Outside backs: 6.2 ± 7.4 | ||||||
Effective tackles: | Front row: 8.9 ± 12.9 | Front row: 6.8 ± 9.8 | |||||
Second row: 8.4 ± 7.3 | Second row: 8.7 ± 9.5 | ||||||
Back row: 12 ± 11.6 | Back row: 10.6 ± 14.9 | ||||||
Scrum halves: 7.5 ± 9.3 | Scrum halves: 8.8 ± 15.4 | ||||||
Inside backs: 7.02 ± 10.9 | Inside backs: 7.1 ± 7.2 | ||||||
Outside backs: 4 ± 7.5 | Outside backs: 3.3 ± 3.7 | ||||||
Ineffective tackles: | Front row: 0.5 ± 2 | Front row: 0.9 ± 2.4 | |||||
Second row: 0.5 ± 1.1 | Second row: 0.8 ± 1.5 | ||||||
Back row: 1 ± 4.1 | Back row: 1.1 ± 2.8 | ||||||
Scrum halves: 1.1 ± 3.1 | Scrum halves: 2.3 ± 6 | ||||||
Inside backs: 0.7 ± 2.03 | Inside backs: 1.5 ± 2.8 | ||||||
Outside backs: 0.5 ± 1.7 | Outside backs: 1.4 ± 6.1 | ||||||
Virr et al. (2014) [94] | 10 matches | Ruck/maul/tackle | Total number | Forwards: | Backs: | NR | |
Scrums | 61 ± 12 | 25 ± 11 | |||||
33 ± 7 | |||||||
Rugby sevens | |||||||
Clarke et al. (2016) [37] | 2 matches | Collisions | Collisions | Men: 51 | NR | ||
Women: 44 | |||||||
Hendricks et al. (2019) [3] | 135 matches | Tackles | Per match | 1.9 ± 1.3 | NR | ||
Total | 8.4 ± 4.1 | ||||||
Ruck | Total | 0.4 ± 0.7 | |||||
Higham et al. (2014) [5] | 196 matches | Scrums | Per team per match | 1.9 ± 0.1 | NR | ||
Rucks | Per team per match | 8.4 ±.0.6 | |||||
Peeters et al. (2019) [60] | 32 matches | Contact actions | Tackles/collisions/rucks/ mauls | Forwards: | Backs: | NR | |
First half: 5.3 ± 2.8 | First half: 5.3 ± 3 | ||||||
Second half: 6.3 ± 2.9 | Second half: 6.1 ± 2.7 | ||||||
Reyneke et al. (2018) [67] | 15 matches | Tackles: | Low (< 21 score): | 3.4 ± 1.8 | NR | ||
High (>/ = 21 score): | 3 ± 2 | ||||||
Scrums | Low (< 21 score): | 1.6 ± 1.3 | |||||
High (>/ = 21 score): | 1.2 ± 1.8 | ||||||
Ball Carry | Low (< 21 score): | 4.4 ± 2.9 | |||||
High (>/ = 21 score): | 4.9 ± 2.5 | ||||||
Ross et al. (2015) [70] | NR | Tackles: | Total | NR | |||
Provincial: | 0.2 ± 0.1 | ||||||
International: | 0.2 ± 0.2 | ||||||
Rucks: | Provincial: | 0.1 ± 0.1 | |||||
International: | 0.2 ± 0.2 | ||||||
Ball Carries: | Provincial: | 0.3 ± 0.2 | |||||
International: | 0.2 ± 0.2 | ||||||
Ross et al. (2015) [71] | 54 matches | Forwards: | Backs: | NR | |||
Tackles | Per match | 2.7 ± 2.6 | 2.41 ± 2.5 | ||||
Scrums | 1.8 ± 1.9 | ||||||
Ball Carries | 3.2 ± 2.4 | 4.1 ± 3.2 | |||||
Ross et al. (2016) [72] | 37 matches (between team analysis) | Tackles | Dominant tackles per match: | 2.1 ± 2.3 | NR | ||
50 matches (single team analysis) | Ineffective tackles: | 8.1 ± 3.9 | |||||
Rucks | Defensive ruck average per match: | 1.2 ± 0.3 | |||||
Ruck average: | 1.2 ± 0.2 |