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Table 3 Non-T2D participants—changes in Fitness-Fatness Index, metabolic syndrome risk factors, and body composition following the exercise interventions

From: Exercise Training Intensity and the Fitness-Fatness Index in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Trial

Outcome variables

MICT (n = 17)

 

4HIIT (n = 14)

 

1HIIT (n = 14)

   
 

Baseline

Post

Baseline

Post

Baseline

Post

Between group difference (p-value)

Between group difference (Effect size; η2)

Fitness-Fatness Index

       

FFI (METs/WtHR)

14.1 ± 4.7

15.1 ± 5.3

11.7 ± 2.2

13.5 ± 2.9

12.3 ± 3.4

13.7 ± 3.5

0.83

0.003

METs

8.3 ± 2.2

8.7 ± 2.4

7.0 ± 1.2

7.9 ± 1.8

7.3 ± 1.8

8.0 ± 2.0

0.74

0.01

Relative V̇O2peak (mL/kg/min)

29.0 ± 7.8

30.5 ± 8.3

24.4 ± 4.1

27.8 ± 6.2

25.7 ± 6.1

27.9 ± 6.9

0.72

0.01

Absolute V̇O2peak (L/min)

2.8 ± 0.8

2.9 ± 0.8

2.3 ± 0.6

2.5 ± 0.9

2.4 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 0.9

0.61

0.005

WtHR

0.60 ± 0.07

0.59 ± 0.08

0.60 ± 0.05

0.59 ± 0.04

0.60 ± 0.1

0.59 ± 0.05

0.83

 < 0.001

Metabolic syndrome risk factors

      

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.6 (0.7 to 4.0)

1.5 (0.65 to 4.91)

1.9 (1.1 to 6.5)

1.7 (0.7 to 4.2)

1.7 ± 0.7

1.6 ± 0.6

0.68

0.01

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.2 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

0.63

0.01

LDL (mmol/L)

3.0 ± 0.8

2.9 ± 0.9

2.6 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.0

3.3 ± 1.4

3.0 ± 1.2

0.34

0.03

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.0 ± 1.0

4.8 ± 1.0

4.7 ± 1.1

5.0 ± 1.2

4.9 (3.8 to 9.3)

5.1 (3.6 to 6.9)

0.36

0.02

Waist circumference (cm)

106 ± 13

104 ± 14

102 ± 11

100 ± 7

104 ± 14

100 ± 13

0.64

0.004

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

131 ± 14

125 ± 11

133 ± 16

130 ± 12

132 ± 15

123 ± 9

0.16

0.07

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

87 ± 11

83 ± 8

85 ± 9

82 ± 8

82 ± 13

79 ± 11

0.82

0.01

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.6 ± 0.7

5.5 ± 0.6

5.5 ± 0.9

5.4 ± 0.6

5.7 ± 0.8

5.5 ± 0.7

0.82

0.01

Body composition

        

Weight (kg)

97 ± 20

97 ± 21

91 ± 17

89 ± 13

94 ± 21

92.0 ± 20

0.43

0.002

Hip Circumference (cm)

115 ± 13

115 ± 14

113 ± 8

112 ± 9

113 ± 10

112 ± 10

0.99

 < 0.001

Total Body Fat (%)

39.6 ± 9.5

39.5 ± 9.7

42.1 ± 6.3

41.7 ± 5.7

41.8 ± 6.1

41.1 ± 6.2

0.67

0.001

Trunk Fat (%)

42.9 ± 8.9

42.7 ± 8.9

44.5 ± 5.6

44.2 ± 4.6

44.6 ± 5.2

43.9 ± 5.0

0.87

0.001

Android Fat (%)

45.4 ± 8.5

45.5 ± 8.2

46.8 ± 4.2

46.7 ± 3.6

46.9 ± 4.0

46.2 ± 4.1

0.40

0.005

Gynoid Fat (%)

39.0 ± 10.2

38.9 ± 10.6

41.5 ± 7.2

41.1 ± 7.2

41.1 ± 7.2

40.5 ± 7.4

0.56

0.001

Lean Body Mass (kg)

55.4 ± 12.3

55.1 ± 12.7

50.2 ± 10.5

49.3 ± 9.6

52.2 ± 14.3

52.2 ± 14.6

0.26

0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

32 ± 6

32 ± 6

31 ± 5

33 ± 5

33 ± 5

33 ± 4

0.82

0.01

  1. MICT moderate-intensity continuous training; 4HIIT 4 × 4 min high-intensity interval training; 1HIIT 1 × 4 min high-intensity interval training; FFI Fitness-Fatness Index; MET metabolic equivalent; V̇O2peak peak oxygen uptake; WtHR waist circumference-to-height ratio; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; BP blood pressure; BMI body mass index; SD standard deviation
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