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Table 2 All participants—changes in Fitness-Fatness Index, metabolic syndrome risk factors, and body composition following the exercise interventions

From: Exercise Training Intensity and the Fitness-Fatness Index in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Trial

Outcome variables

MICT (n = 26)

 

4HIIT (n = 25)

 

1HIIT (n = 26)

   
 

Baseline

Post

Baseline

Post

Baseline

Post

Between group difference (p-value)

Between group difference (Effect size; η2)

Fitness-Fatness Index

       

FFI (METs/WtHR)

13.3 ± 4.7

14.2 ± 5.0

11.8 ± 2.9

13.7 ± 3.8

12.8 ± 3.5

14.2 ± 3.6

0.30

0.01

METs

7.9 ± 2.3

8.3 ± 2.3

7.0 ± 1.5

8.0 ± 1.9

7.6 ± 1.8

8.2 ± 1.9

0.26

0.01

Relative V̇O2peak (mL/kg/min)

27.6 ± 7.9

28.9 ± 8.0

24.6 ± 5.3

28.1 ± 6.8

26.5 ± 6.3

28.8 ± 6.7

0.25

0.01

Absolute V̇O2peak (L/min)

2.7 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 0.8

2.3 ± 0.6

2.6 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 0.7

2.6 ± 0.8

0.30

0.01

WtHR

0.61 ± 0.1

0.60 ± 0.1

0.60 ± 0.1

0.59 ± 0.1

0.60 ± 0.1

0.59 ± 0.1

0.82

 < 0.001

Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors

      

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.6 (0.7 to 6.6)

1.6 (0.7 to 5.2)

1.8 (0.6 to 6.5)

1.8 (0.7 to 4.6)

2.0 (0.7 to 2.8)

1.6 (0.6 to 3.0)

0.86

0.002

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.1 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

1.0 (0.4)

1.2 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.4

0.50

0.01

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.9 ± 0.8

2.7 ± 0.9

2.3 (0.2 to 6.5)

2.4 (1.3 to 6.7)

2.4 (1.1 to 6.5)

2.3 (1.0 to 4.7)

0.22

0.02

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.8 ± 1.0

4.6 ± 1.0

4.1 (2.6 to 9.3)

4.6 (2.9 to 9.1)

4.5 (3.1 to 9.3)

4.2 (2.9 to 6.9)

0.06

0.03

Waist circumference (cm)

107 ± 12

105 ± 12

104 ± 10

102 ± 9

103 ± 12

101 ± 12

0.64

0.002

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

132 ± 12

126 ± 11

128 ± 14

129 ± 11

136 ± 16

128 ± 15

0.16

0.03

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

87 ± 9

82 ± 8

83 ± 8

80 ± 7

82 ± 10

79 ± 10

0.88

0.003

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.8 (4.6 to 16.4)

5.7 (4.1 to 12.4)

6.2 (3.6 to 13.6)

5.6 (4.4 to 12.7)

6.2 (4.3 to 13.0)

6.0 (4.4 to 14.3)

0.50

0.01

Body composition

        

Weight (kg)

98.2 ± 16.8

97.4 ± 17.7

91.5 (13.5)

90.0 (13.5)

92.4 ± 20.1

91.0 ± 19.4

0.63

0.001

Hip Circumference (cm)

114 ± 12

114 ± 13

113 ± 12

113 ± 11

110 ± 11

110 ± 12

0.83

0.001

Total Body Fat (%)

38.7 ± 9.0

38.2 ± 9.1

40.8 ± 7.4

40.2 ± 7.6

39.1 ± 6.9

38.6 ± 7.0

0.97

 < 0.001

Trunk Fat (%)

42.1 ± 8.5

41.5 ± 8.4

43.7 ± 6.7

43.1 ± 7.0

42.6 ± 6.1

42.1 ± 5.9

0.97

 < 0.001

Android Fat (%)

44.4 ± 8.0

44.0 ± 7.8

45.8 ± 6.5

45.1 ± 6.8

44.9 ± 5.1

44.2 ± 5.3

0.93

 < 0.001

Gynoid Fat (%)

37.5 ± 9.7

37.3 ± 9.9

40.0 ± 7.8

39.2 ± 8.4

37.5 ± 7.9

36.9 ± 8.2

0.34

0.001

Lean Body Mass (kg)

56.9 ± 11.3

56.7 ± 11.4

52.5 ± 9.8

52.3 ± 9.8

53.4 ± 12.2

53.2 ± 12.5

0.66

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

33 ± 6

32 ± 5

32 ± 6

33 ± 5

32 ± 5

32 ± 5

0.84

0.004

  1. MICT moderate-intensity continuous training; 4HIIT 4 × 4 min high-intensity interval training; 1HIIT 1 × 4 min high-intensity interval training; FFI Fitness-Fatness Index; MET metabolic equivalent; V̇O2peak peak oxygen uptake; WtHR waist circumference-to-height ratio; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; BP blood pressure; BMI body mass index; SD standard deviation
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