The Relationship Between Psychological Stress and Anxiety with Gastrointestinal Symptoms Before and During a 56 km Ultramarathon Running Race

Urwin, Charles S.; Main, Luana C.; Mikocka-Walus, Antonina; Skvarc, David R.; Roberts, Spencer S. H.; Condo, Dominique; Carr, Amelia J.; Convit, Lilia; Jardine, William; Rahman, Shant S.; Snipe, Rhiannon M. J.

doi:10.1186/s40798-021-00389-5

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 2 Correlative factors for race gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS)

From: The Relationship Between Psychological Stress and Anxiety with Gastrointestinal Symptoms Before and During a 56 km Ultramarathon Running Race

	All participants				Females				Males
	Number of race GIS		Severity of race GIS		Number of race GIS		Severity of race GIS		Number of race GIS		Severity of race GIS
	r_s	p value	r_s	p value	r_s	p value	r_s	p value	r_s	p value	r_s	p value
Time to race completion	0.272	0.074	0.317	0.036	0.449	0.061	0.288	0.247	0.277	0.170	0.415	0.035
Number of pre-race GIS	0.423	0.004	0.357	0.017	0.354	0.150	0.398	0.102	0.575	0.002	0.396	0.045
Severity of pre-race GIS	0.407	0.006	0.351	0.020	0.432	0.074	0.485	0.041	0.480	0.013	0.307	0.127
Recovery	− 0.381	0.011	− 0.318	0.035	− 0.309	0.213	− 0.228	0.363	− 0.516	0.007	− 0.457	0.019
Stress	0.500	0.001	0.470	0.001	0.370	0.131	0.434	0.072	0.703	0.000	0.619	0.001
Cognitive state anxiety	0.410	0.006	0.303	0.046	0.315	0.204	0.196	0.435	0.678	0.000	0.583	0.002
Somatic state anxiety	0.375	0.012	0.315	0.037	0.158	0.531	0.120	0.636	0.710	0.000	0.662	0.000
Self-confidence	− 0.240	0.117	− 0.169	0.273	− 0.295	0.235	− 0.117	0.644	− 0.436	0.026	− 0.417	0.034
Total state anxiety	0.408	0.006	0.309	0.042	0.286	0.250	0.175	0.486	0.747	0.000	0.666	0.000
Age	0.068	0.661	0.062	0.691	0.110	0.664	0.055	0.829	− 0.061	0.768	− 0.089	0.665
Body mass	0.307	0.043	0.326	0.031	− 0.018	0.944	− 0.057	0.824	0.394	0.047	0.371	0.062
Stature	0.240	0.117	0.134	0.134	− 0.305	0.218	− 0.267	0.285	0.305	0.130	0.129	0.529
Body mass index	0.250	0.102	0.275	0.071	0.208	0.407	0.157	0.535	0.137	0.506	0.164	0.423
Running experience	− 0.093	0.547	− 0.080	0.608	− 0.386	0.113	− 0.238	0.342	− 0.050	0.808	− 0.132	0.520
Training hours per week	− 0.127	0.410	− 0.092	0.554	− 0.075	0.768	− 0.031	0.903	− 0.251	0.217	− 0.232	0.255

r_s: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, bolded values represent correlation that was both statistically significant (p < 0.05) and r_s ≥ 0.3, representing ‘moderate’ or stronger correlation. Pre-race GIS (number and severity): mean scores from all pre-race times (T-3, T-2. T-1, T0); Recovery: mean recovery score from all pre-race times; stress: mean stress score from all pre-race times; cognitive state anxiety: mean cognitive state anxiety score from all pre-race times; somatic state anxiety: mean somatic state anxiety score from all pre-race times; self-confidence: mean self-confidence score from all pre-race times; total state anxiety: mean total state anxiety score from all pre-race times. Number of race GIS reported: mean number of symptoms reported by participants during the race (TPost, for all, female or male); severity of race GIS: the mean sum of all GIS severity scores reported by participants during the race (TPost, for all, female or male)

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