Table 1 Bias assessment
Study | Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participants and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | Other sources of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dufka et al. [16] | (?) | (?) | (−) | (?) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
King et al. [19] | (?) | (?) | (−) | (?) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Roelands et al. [20] | (?) | (?) | (−) | (?) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Cordery et al. [21] | (?) | (?) | (−) | (?) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Mahon et al. [24] | (+) | (+) | (+) | (+) | (−) | (?) | (?) |
Piacentini et al. [22] | (?) | (?) | (−) | (?) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Roelands et al. [23] | (?) | (?) | (−) | (?) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Chandler and Blair [17] | (−) | (?) | (−) | (?) | (−) | (−) | (−) |
Altszuler et al. [18] | (?) | (?) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) |