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Table 4 List of chosen sensors and their possible placement based on previous applications and prior studies conducted

From: Artificial Intelligence Based Body Sensor Network Framework—Narrative Review: Proposing an End-to-End Framework using Wearable Sensors, Real-Time Location Systems and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Algorithms for Data Collection, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery in Sports and Healthcare

Chosen Sensor

Measurement Of

Placement on the body

Successful past applications

References

Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)

Acceleration of the limbs (Angular and Linear)

Centre of Mass, Wrists, Feet (as Insoles)

Clinical instrumentation, falls management, identification of pathologic motor features, etc.

[69]

   

Injury prevention, load assessment, performance coaching tool, automatic event detection in multiple sports, etc.

[10]

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Detailed electrical activity of the heart, Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, etc.

On the chest

Abnormal Findings in ST and T waves in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

[70]

   

Detection of unusual heart electric field parameters in type 1 and 2 diabetic patients

[71]

   

Differentiating pathological vs physiological abnormalities in athletes to assess vulnerability of athletes to Sudden Cardiac Death

[72]

Electromyograph (EMG)

Electrical activity in the muscle in question

Quadriceps, Glutes, Calves, Hamstrings, Back, Abdomen, etc. (can be variable based on the problem at hand)

Assessing muscle activity levels in the elderly, patients with neurological disorders, and the injured

[69]

   

Injury recovery, muscle activation patterns analysis, synergies in muscle chains, in athletes during sport specific movements

[10]

RTLS tag

Position of the person in question, from a set reference point

Center of Mass

Tracking of patients, medical staff and medical assets in a hospital

[73]

   

Physical Load, real-time position data acquisition, tactical analysis in team sports, coaching and strategy development

[7, 74]

Force Plate

Pressure distribution on individual feet

Feet (as Insoles)

Gait, biofeedback interventions in stroke patients to improve balance, mobility

[69]

   

Gait, analysis of athletes for technique and performance optimization

[10]

  1. The accuracy of the abovementioned sensors is highly dynamic and the state of the art is constantly changing due to improvements in technology and post collection signal processing techniques