Fig. 5

Comparison of kinetic and kinematic variables between foot strike patterns with SPM. Ensemble averages (standard deviations) of the moment of GRF (A, F), resultant moment (B, G), joint angle (C, H), angular displacement (D, I), and angular velocity (E, J) of the hip (left column) and knee (right column). On each panel, the solid line with orange shadow indicates the rearfoot strike condition, whereas the dashed line with the blue shadow illustrates the forefoot strike condition. The gray shaded durations are the phases where the statistical parametric mapping two-tailed paired t test detected a significant difference with an alpha level less than 0.01. For each significant difference, the Cohen d value is calculated as an effect size. The critical thresholds are shown on each panel. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article). GRF: ground reaction force