Table 1 Summary of the participant’s background

Country of residence

Total:

N = 298/female: N = 42

USA:

n = 145 (48.7%)/n = 11 (26.2%)

Australia:

n = 43 (14.4%)/n = 12 (28.6%)

UK:

n = 36 (12.1%)/n = 6 (14.3%)

Canada:

n = 16 (5.4%)/n = 4 (9.5%)

Other:

n = 58 (19.40%^a)/ n = 9 (21%)

Current primary sport

Total:

N = 298/female: N = 42

Boxing:

n = 61 (20.5%)/n = 8 (19%)

Brazilian jiu-jitsu:

n = 58 (19.5%)/n = 6 (14.3%)

Muay Thai/kickboxing:

n = 46 (15.4%)/n = 10 (23.8%)

Wrestling:

n = 43 (14.4%)/n = 1 (2.4%)

Mixed Martial Arts:

n = 30 (10.1%)/n = 5 (11.9%)

Judo:

n = 26 (8.7%)/n = 1 (2.4%)

Taekwondo:

n = 24 (8.1%)/n = 9 (21.4%)

Karate:

n = 10 (3.4%)/n = 2 (4.8%)

Current level of competition

Total:

N = 298/female: N = 42

Amateurs:

n = 115 (38.6%) / n = 18 (42.9)

Regional/state:

n = 99 (33.2%)/n = 6 (14.3%)

National or international:

n = 56 (18.8%)/n = 14 (33.3%)

Semi-professional:

n = 13 (4.4%)/n = 2 (4.7%)

Professional:

n = 15 (5%)/n = 2 (4.7%)