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Table 3 Experimental task design (theme 2), 3D motion capture data collection (theme 3) and 3D reduction and analysis procedures (theme 4)

From: 3D Biomechanics of Rugby Tackle Techniques to Inform Future Rugby Research Practice: a Systematic Review

Variable

Kerr et al. [25]

Tierney et al. [22]

Tierney and Simms [23]

Seminati et al. [26]

Kawasaki et al. [28]

Tanabe et al. [27]

Wundersitz et al. [24]

Experimental task

Task

Front-on tackle

Front-on tackle

Front-on tackle

Tackle bag

Tackle-bag

Side-on tackle

Front-on tackle

Front-on tackle, tackle bag, bump pad

Intensity

Training

Match play

Match play

Match play

Match play

Tackle to ground

Yes

No

Yes

Approach distance

2.5 m

2.5 m

3 steps

10 m

5 m, 6 m, 10 m

Shoulder side engagement

Dominant (unknown)

Dominant (right)

Dominant (right)

Dominant (right)

 

Surface

6 cm polyethylene, polyethylene foam

Outdoor rugby field

Approach speed

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

Trials

Phase 1: 5 trials per 10 participants; phase 2: 3 trials pre- and post-intervention per 20 participants

5 trials per 4 participants

5 trials per 4 participants

Up to 20 trials per 15 participants

66 successful trials amongst 13 participants

65 successful trials amongst 15 participants

10 bump pad trials (n=250), 10 tackle bag trials (n=250) and 5 front-on tackle trials (n=125) per 25 participants

Rest intervals

Phase 1: 2-min; phase 2: unknown

>1-minute

1-min trials

5-min between tasks

Data collection

Motion capture system

12-camera MX3 Pro, Vicon

10-camera Bonita-B10, Vicon and 3-camera Bonita 720C, Vicon

10-camera Bonita-B10, Vicon and 3-camera Bonita 720C, Vicon

16 cameras Oqus, Qualysis

20-camera MX, Vicon

20-camera MX, Vicon

12-cameras Raptor E, Motion Analysis Corp

Sample rate

200 Hz, 67 Hz

200 Hz, 67 Hz

250 Hz

250 Hz

250 Hz

500 Hz

Data collection volume

5 m × 5 m

5 x 10 m

10 x 10 m

Markers

40 (body suit)

43 (plug-in-gait)

43 (plug-in-gait)

64 (custom)

38 (custom)

38 (custom)

1 on wearable sensor

Data reduction and Analysis

Filtering

None, based on previously established technique

Zero-lag, fourth-order fc=15 Hz (*110 Hz)

Zero-lag, fourth-order fc=15 Hz (*110 Hz)

Low pass, zero-lag, fourth-order Butterworth, fc=16 Hz

Low pass, zero-lag, fourth-order Butterworth, fc=6 Hz

Low pass, zero-lag, fourth-order Butterworth, fc=6 Hz

Low pass, zero-lag, fourth-order Butterworth, fc=10Hz

Joint coordinate system

No

Yes (plug-in-gait)

Yes (plug-in-gait)

No

Yes (ISB)

Yes (ISB)

3D rotations defined

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes, “typical” Euler sequence

Yes, “typical” Euler sequence

Joint angle defined

Yes, 2D angle

Yes

Yes

Head linear and angular kinematics defined

Yes

Yes

Yes

Temporal event definition

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes