Table 1 Characteristics of included trials evaluating post-exercise muscle glycogen re-synthesis during short-term recovery (≤ 8 h) with provision of CHO vs. control
Study | Participants | Mean \( \dot{\boldsymbol{V}}{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{2peak}} \) (mL kg min−1) | Fasted vs. Fed | Exercise protocol | End of exercise glycogen – control (mmol·kg dm−1) | End of exercise glycogen – intervention (mmol·kg dm−1) | Source of CHO | Timing of treatment (h) | CHO (g·kg BM−1 h−1) | Recovery time (h) | Mean difference in re-synthesis rate (mmol·kg dm−1 h−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mathai et al. [46] | 7 (7 M) | 48.4 | Fed | Cycled to exh at 65% \( \dot{V} \)O2peak | 146 | 82 | Maltodextrin + dextrose | 0, 1 | 1.0 | 2 | 59.0 |
Pascoe et al. [49] | 8 (8 M) | N.S | Fasted | Resistance training: 6 single leg knee ext at 70% 1RM/set x ~ 9 set with 30 s recovery between set | 441 | 399 | Glucose polymers + sucrose | 0, 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 47.8 |
Cheng et al. [42] | 8 (8 M) | 48.5 | Fasted | Cycled for 1 h at 60% \( \dot{V} \)O2peak; followed by 4 × 30 s all-out sprints | 30 | 12 | Glucose + fructose | 0, then every 0.25 (until 2.5) | 1.5 | 3 | 36.1 |
Tarnopolsky et al. [26] | 16 (8 M) | M: 56.9 F: 51.7 | Fasted | Cycled for 1.5 h at 65% \( \dot{V} \)O2peak | 210 | 163 | Sucrose + glucose polymer | 0, 1 | 0.5 | 4 | 30.6 |
van Hall et al. [28]a | 5 (N.S) | 61.0 | N.S | Cycled to exh: 2-min intervals alternating between 50 and 90% \( \dot{V} \)O2peak | 78 | 90 | Sucrose | 0, then every 0.25 (until 3.75)a | 1.2 | 4 | 28.8 |
Wilson et al. [50] | 10 (10 M) | 54.8 | Fed | Cycled to exh at 65% of \( \dot{V} \)O2peak | 74 | 109 | Dextrose | 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 | 1.0 | 5 | 25.1 |
Ivy et al. [8]b | 8 (8 M) | 52.2 | Fasted | Cycled for 2 h: 15-min intervals alternating between 62 and 75% \( \dot{V} \)O2peak | 158 | 139 | Glucose polymer | 0 | 1.5 | 2 | 19.1 |
Roy and Tarnopolsky [51] | 10 (10 M) | N.S | Fed | Resistance training: whole-body workout; ~ 10 rep at ~ 80% 1RM /set x 3 set x 9 exercises + 20 sit-ups | 248 | 235 | Sucrose + glucose polymer | 0, 1 | 0.5 | 4 | 17.3 |
Ivy et al. [8]a | 8 (8 M) | 52.2 | Fasted | Cycled for 2 h: 15-min intervals alternating between 62 and 75% \( \dot{V} \)O2peak | 158 | 156 | Glucose polymer | 0 | 0.75 | 2 | 16.5 |
Haub et al. [45] | 6 (6 M) | 50.8 | Fed | Cycled: 100 kJ test (at 90% peak resistance achieved during GXT) | 429 | 406 | Maltodextrin | 0 | 0.7 | 1 | 14.4 |