Table 6 Results of the best evidence synthesis concerning all injuries
Risk factor | Study | Specification of independent variable | Outcome OR/RR (95% CI) | Best evidence synthesis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Presence of association | Level of evidence | ||||
External load parameters | |||||
Total distance | Bowen et al. [27] | Accumulated 1/2/3/4-week loads | Insufficient | ||
TD—low TD—moderately low TD—moderately high TD—high TD—very high | 0.25/0.62/0.53/0.89 1.38/0.76/1.23/0.73 0.95/1.55/1.36/1.19 1.57/1.27/1.31/1.64 2.59/2.88/2.37/1.29 | Yes/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/yes/no/no No/no/no/yes No/no/no/no | |||
High speed running | Bowen et al. [27] | Accumulated 1/2/3/4-week loads | Insufficient | ||
HSD—low HSD—moderately low HSD—moderately high HSD—high HSD—very high | 0.38/0.30/0.67/0.79 1.16/0.81/0.84/0.73 1.73/1.72/1.15/1.56 0.59/1.45/1.66/1.26 0.82/0.00/0.33/0.33 | Yes/yes/no/no No/no/no/no Yes/yes/no/yes No/no/yes/no No/no/no/no | |||
Acceleration | Bowen et al. [27] | Accumulated 1/2/3/4-week loads | Insufficient | ||
ACC—low ACC—moderately low ACC—moderately high ACC—high ACC—very high | 0.35/0.51/0.63/0.93 1.01/0.92/0.77/0.82 1.00/1.21/1.32/1.01 1.83/1.37/1.38/1.66 3.06/3.19/3.84/2.37 | Yes/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/no/no/no Yes/no/no/yes Yes/yes/yes/no | |||
Total load | Bowen et al. [27] | Accumulated 1/2/3/4-week loads | Insufficient | ||
TL—low TL—moderately low TL—moderately high TL—high TL—very high | 0.27/0.50/0.55/0.75 1.45/1.07/0.98/1.01 0.98/1.38/1.39/1.12 1.65/1.03/1.09/1.20 2.00/1.93/1.59/1.84 | Yes/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/no/no/no Yes/no/no/no No/no/no/no | |||
ACWR | Bowen et al. [27] | Overall/low chronic/high chronic | Insufficient | ||
TD—low TD—moderately low TD—moderately high TD—high TD—very high HSD—low HSD—moderately low HSD—moderately high HSD—high HSD—very high ACC—low ACC—moderately low ACC—moderately high ACC—high ACC—very high TL—low TL—moderately low TL—moderately high TL—high TL—very high | 1.00/0.28/0.91 1.25/1.43/0.98 0.97/0.97/1.19 1.13/1.76/1.21 2.09/–/1.80 0.47/0.47/1.52 1.10/0.86/1.11 1.32/1.30/1.27 0.98/1.82/0.50 0.95/–/1.63 0.85/0.29/0.71 1.16/1.49/1.04 1.15/0.94/1.25 1.44/1.70/1.10 2.09/–/2.71 0.84/0.37/0.81 1.15/1.15/1.22 1.34/1.16/1.34 1.01/1.59/0.43 1.17/–/2.67 | No/yes/no No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/n.a./no Yes/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/n.a./no No/yes/no No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/n.a./no No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/n.a./no | |||
Combined internal/external load parameters | |||||
Workload | Delecroix et al. [29] | U19 | Insufficient Moderate (1-week workload) | ||
1-week workload 2-week cumulative workload 3-week cumulative workload 4-week cumulative workload U21 1-week workload 2-week cumulative workload 3-week cumulative workload 4-week cumulative workload | 1.11 (0.84–1.50) 1.03 (0.77–1.38) 0.97 (0.74–1.28) 1.00 (0.76–1.33) 1.18 (0.92–1.52) 1.28 (0.97–1.69) 1.39 (1.04–1.84) 1.40 (1.06–1.86) | No No No No No No Yes Yes | |||
Raya-Gonzálaz et al. [30] | Sum of load (RPE*duration) for all training sessions and matches for each week | 1.00 (0.99–1.00)a | No | ||
ACWR | Delecroix et al. [29] | U19 | Insufficient Moderate (4-week A:C workload) | ||
2-week A:C workload 3-week A:C workload 4-week A:C workload Week-to-week workload changes U21 2-week A:C workload 3-week A:C workload 4-week A:C workload Week-to-week workload changes | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) 1.01 (0.95–1.06) 1.01 (0.96–1.07) 1.00 (0.96–1.04) 0.86 (0.58–1.29) 0.88 (0.66–1.16) 0.89 (0.71–1.13) 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | No No No No No No No No | |||
Raya-Gonzálaz et al. [30] | Sum of the current week’s load (acute load) divided by the average weekly training load over the previous four weeks (chronic load) | 0.16 (0.01–1.84)a | No | ||