Table 4 Results of the best evidence synthesis concerning contact and traumatic injuries
Risk factor | Study | Specification of independent variable | Outcome OR/RR (95% CI) | Best evidence synthesis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Presence of association | Level of evidence | ||||
Internal load parameters | |||||
Psychosocial stress and recovery | Brink et al. [28] | General stress Emotional stress Social stress Conflicts/pressure Fatigue Lack of energy Physical complaints Success Social recovery Physical recovery General well-being Sleep quality Disturbed breaks Emotional exhaustion Fitness/injury Being in shape Personal accomplishment Self-efficacy Self-regulation | 0.97 (0.74–1.27) 1.04 (0.76–1.44) 0.96 (0.70–1.30) 0.95 (0.74–1.22) 0.93 (0.72–1.20) 0.94 (0.70–1.26) 0.99 (0.74–1.33) 1.04 (0.81–1.35) 0.99 (0.78–1.26) 0.88 (0.69–1.13) 1.10 (0.85–1.42) 0.99 (0.77–1.27) 0.94 (0.72–1.22) 0.85 (0.67–1.09) 1.29 (1.01–1.66) 0.91 (0.73–1.13) 1.06 (0.84–1.35) 1.00 (0.80–1.25) 0.90 (0.75–1.08) | No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No | Insufficient |
External load parameters | |||||
Total distance | Bowen et al. [27] | Accumulated 1/2/3/4-week load | Insufficient | ||
TD—low TD—moderately low TD—moderately high TD—high TD—very high | 0.83/0.76/0.84/1.04 0.68/0.65/0.87/0.92 0.98/1.62/0.84/0.88 1.79/1.00/1.35/1.49 –/–/–/– | No/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/no/no/no n.a | |||
High speed running | Bowen et al. [27] | Accumulated 1/2/3/4-week load | Insufficient | ||
HSD—low HSD—moderately low HSD—moderately high HSD—high HSD—very high | 0.79/0.91/0.83/1.14 0.41/0.67/0.78/0.97 1.74/1.70/1.24/0.68 1.08/0.86/1.13/1.74 1.97/–/1.62/– | No/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/n.a./no/n.a. | |||
Acceleration | Bowen et al. [27] | Accumulated 1/2/3/4-week load | Insufficient | ||
ACC—low ACC—moderately low ACC—moderately high ACC—high ACC—very high | 0.72/0.75/0.84/1.02 0.65/0.67/1.24/0.91 1.39/1.51/0.76/0.92 1.27/1.06/1.49/1.35 –/–/1.02/– | No/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/no/no/no n.a./n.a./no/n.a. | |||
Duration | Brink et al. [28] | Duration (min) of training sessions and matches | 1.14 (1.06–1.23) | Yes | Insufficient |
Total load | Bowen et al. [27] | Accumulated 1/2/3/4-week load | Insufficient | ||
TL—low TL—moderately low TL—moderately high TL—high TL—very high | 0.77/0.81/0.87/1.06 0.63/0.70/1.34/0.98 1.12/1.76/0.77/0.89 1.42/0.33/0.95/1.43 4.84/3.04/2.68/– | No/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/no/no/no No/no/no/no Yes/no/no/no | |||
Acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR) | Bowen et al. [27] | Overall/low chronic/high chronic | Insufficient | ||
TD—low TD—moderately low TD—moderately high TD—high TD—very high HSD—low HSD—moderately low HSD—moderately high HSD—high HSD—very high ACC—low ACC—moderately low ACC—moderately high ACC—high ACC—very high TL—low TL—moderately low TL—moderately high TL—high TL—very high | 0.37/0.26/0.62 1.72/2.12/1.47 0.44/0.44/0.91 1.22/2.80/0.91 4.98/–/3.79 0.32/0.24/1.91 1.45/0.82/1.52 1.32/2.55/0.69 0.49/0.85/0.54 2.28/–/3.62 0.39/0.25/– 1.75/1.79/1.66 0.79/0.59/1.03 1.47/2.48/0.64 4.98/–/5.91 0.38/0.21/0.60 1.92/1.64/1.97 0.87/0.77/0.86 1.20/2.280.32 2.74/–/6.12 | No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no Yes/n.a./no No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/no/n.a. No/no/no No/no/no No/no/no Yes/n.a./no No/no/no yes/no/no No/no/no No/no/no No/n.a./no | |||
Combined internal/external load parameters | |||||
Workload | Brink et al. [28] | Product of the session-RPE and duration | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | Yes | Insufficient |
Monotony | Brink et al. [28] | Daily mean training load divided by the SD of the daily mean training load over a 1-week period | 2.59 (1.22–5.50) | Yes | Insufficient |
Strain | Brink et al. [28] | Product of weekly training load and monotony | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | Yes | Insufficient |