Table 2 Risk for outdoor sporting participants to develop skin cancer
From: Solar Ultraviolet Exposure in Individuals Who Perform Outdoor Sport Activities
Study | Type of study | Quality rating | Region | N | Outcomes | Hours of exposure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rosso et al. “Helios”. II [66] | Case control | 3 | Southern Europe | 1549 BCC, 228 SCC, 1795 controls | Significant association between BCC and water sports (swimming, surfing, boating, and sailing). Non-significant association between BCC and mountain sports (skiing, climbing, hiking) and air sports (flying, hang-gliding and parachuting). Non-significant association between SCC and water sports stronger with > 2112 h of exposure. Holidays at the beach OR 1.5 > 2464 cumulated hours Water sports: OR 1.5 > 771–2112 h | Risk of SCC = significantly increased at > 70,000 h of lifetime sun exposure Risk of BCC = 2-fold increase risk at 8000–10,000 cumulated hours in a lifetime |
Rosso et al. [72] | Case control | 3 | Sion Switzerland | n = 146, controls = 144 | Outdoor sports conveyed an increased risk for basal cell carcinoma: average OR 2.2 p = 0.05 | 288– > 3420 h of cumulated exposure |
Schnohr et al. [67] | Cohort | 4 | Denmark | 28,259 persons | Rate ratio 1.72 (95% CI 1.23–2.40; p = 0.001) for vigorous physical activity compared with low activity and non-melanoma skin cancer in men but not in women. | |
Holman et al. [68] | Case control | 3 | Australia | 507 melanoma patients, 507 age-, gender-, and location-matched controls | Boating increased risk for melanoma (OR = 2.43 p = 0.04) Fishing increased risk for melanoma OR = 2.72, p = 0.07 Whenever these sports were practiced one or more times a week |