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Table 2 Changes in sub-mode score and evaluation of sub-mode performance

From: The effect of exercise on baseline SCAT5 performance in male professional Rugby players

Submode

Test condition

n

Change in sub-mode score (Ex–rest, mean (95% CI)

Exercise vs. rest change

LOA

Improved (%)

Worse (%)

No change (%)

Improvement above LOA (%)

Worsened below LOA (%)

Wilcoxon rank sum test p value

Shapiro-Wilk test of normality of change score

Odds ratio (95% CI) for EX changing compared to REST when REST is assessed first

Symptom number

Rest first (REST1-EX2)

542

0.1 (− 0.03–0.23)

No change

3.13

14%

16%

70%

2%

3%

0.1368

<0.001

2.29 (1.50–3.48), p < 0.001

Exercise first (EX1-REST2)

156

0.7 (0.37–1.04)a

Worse

4.18

7%

28%

65%

1%

8%

< 0.001

Symptom severity

Rest first

542

0.13 (− 0.07–0.34)

No change

4.80

17%

17%

65%

3%

4%

0.5933

< 0.001

2.21 (1.47–3.33), p < 0.001

Exercise first

156

1.23 (0.6–1.86)a

Worse

7.88

8%

28%

63%

0%

4%

< 0.001

Orientation

Rest first

542

0.04 (0.01–0.07)a

Improve

0.71

9%

4%

87%

9%

4%

0.0026

0.099

0.94 (0.54–1.66), p = 0.842

Exercise first

156

0.02 (− 0.05–0.1)

No change

1.04

13%

10%

78%

1%

1%

0.641

Immediate memory

Rest first

424

0.01 (− 0.37–0.4)

No change

8.09

45%

42%

13%

0%

2%

0.7589

0.258

0.76 (0.43–1.31), p = 0.319

Exercise first

63

0.38 (− 0.67–1.44)

No change

8.41

54%

38%

8%

2%

0%

0.4024

Delayed recall

Rest first

424

0.01 (− 0.18–0.21)

No change

4.04

39%

37%

24%

1%

2%

0.5453

0.471

0.95 (0.56–1.63), p = 0.864

Exercise first

63

0.39 (− 0.1–0.89)

No change

3.98

41%

37%

22%

3%

0%

0.2633

Digits backwards

Rest first

542

0.03 (− 0.03–0.1)

No change

1.63

22%

19%

59%

5%

4%

0.2848

< 0.001

1.55 (1.05–2.29), p = 0..026

Exercise first

156

− 0.17 (− 0.31–-0.04)

No change

1.67

13%

25%

62%

3%

8%

0.013

Concentration

Rest first

542

0.04 (− 0.02–0.12)

No change

1.70

23%

20%

57%

6%

4%

0.2827

0.011

1.77 (1.20–2.60), p = 0.004

Exercise first

156

− 0.21 (− 0.34–-0.07)a

Worse

1.71

13%

28%

59%

3%

8%

0.0043

Tandem gait

Rest first

541

− 0.51 (− 0.62–-0.39)a

Improve

2.72

50%

22%

28%

1%

1%

< 0.0001

0.005

1.69 (1.16–2.44), p = 0.006

Exercise first

156

0.08 (− 0.16–0.33)

No change

3.11

35%

33%

33%

1%

3%

0.7602

Double leg balance

Rest first

542

− 0.01 (− 0.03–0.01)

No change

0.55

1%

1%

98%

1%

1%

0.5245

< 0.001

1.18 (0.28–4.96), p = 0.824

Exercise first

156

0 (− 0.03–0.03)

No change

0.39

1%

1%

98%

1%

1%

0.5686

Single leg balance

Rest first

542

0.34 (0.17–0.51)a

Worse

4.07

28%

43%

29%

3%

3%

< 0.0001

< 0.001

0.80 (0.56–1.15), p = 0.233

Exercise first

156

0.48 (0.12–0.84)a

Worse

4.47

29%

38%

33%

3%

5%

0.0268

Tandem stance balance

Rest first

542

0.15 (0.02–0.27)

No change

2.91

22%

28%

51%

3%

3%

0.0086

< 0.001

0.80 (0.55–1.17), p = 0.255

Exercise first

156

0.12 (− 0.11–0.37)

No change

3.08

25%

29%

46%

4%

1%

0.1519

Total balance score

Rest first

542

0.48 (0.26–0.7)a

Worse

5.09

29%

44%

27%

2%

3%

< 0.0001

< 0.001

0.80 (0.55–1.16), p = 0.229

Exercise first

156

0.61 (0.13–1.09)a

Worse

6.04

32%

44%

24%

2%

3%

0.0115

  1. The relative performance change (EXSCAT – RSCAT) is indicated for each sub-mode and testing condition (EXSCAT or RSCAT performed first). *denotes significant difference EXSCAT vs RSCAT. The LOA is indicated for sub-mode and testing order. The Wilcoxon rank sum test p-value signifies differences between RSCAT and EXSCAT for that testing order. The odds ratio shows the odds (95% CI) of exercise performance improving relative to rest when tested in the REST1-EX2 order
  2. aAdjusted for gap between days in subsequent SCAT, categorised as within the same day (0), and on a different day (1)