Table 3 Summary of the responses to training on inflammation markers in adolescent athletes with an overview of the variables examined, the type of activity and sampling times, and the main findings in relation to each variable.
Author and date, sport | Participants | Redox status variables examined | Type of activity and sampling times | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Brunelli et al. 2014 [55] basketball | 11 male adolescent athletes, age 13.3 ± 0.6 years | IL-6, IL-10, C-RP, TNF-α | Four blood samples were collected at pre-season, preparatory, and competitive time points | Competitive period compared to preseason: ↑TNF-α, C-RP, ↓IL-10. Competitive period compared to preparatory period: ↑IL-6 |
Eliakim et al. 2009 [28], volleyball | 14 adolescent males, age 16.3 ± 1.1 years, and 13 females, age 16.0 ± 0.4 years | GH, IGF-I, T, C, IL-6, IL-1ra | The effect of a typical volleyball practice. Blood samples collected pre- and post-training | In both genders, after test: ↔IL-1ra, ↑IL-6 |
Eliakim et al. 2013 [29] volleyball | 13 female, national team level players, age 16.0 ± 1.4 years | GH, IGF-I, IGFB3, C, IL-6, IL-1ra | Samples obtained pre-, post-, 1 h post a volley training at preseason and after 7 weeks of preparation | In both conditions, athletes had: ↑IL-6, ↔IL-1ra |
Jurimae at al. 2018 [56], rowing | 15 female rowers, age 18.3 ± 1.6 years | IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, VEGF, MCP-1 | Blood samples pre- and 1 h post-endurance exercise | ↑IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, MCP-1 |
Meckel et al. 2009 [37], handball | 12 junior handball players, age range 17–20 years | GH, IGF, IL-6, IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-10 | Sprint run on a treadmill, at an intensity of 80%. Samples collected at pre-, after each 250-m run, and 60 min post-last 250 m | After exercise athletes displayed: ↑IL-6, ↔ IL-1b, IL-1ra, IL-10 |
Nemet et al. 2002 [38], wrestling | 11 high school boys, aged range 14–18.5 years | IL-6, TNF-α, IGF-1, IGFBP1, IGFBP3, IL-1ra, IL-1b | A single, typical, 1.5 h wrestling practices session. Samples collected pre- and post-training | After typical training wrestlers had: ↑TNF-α, IL-1ra, IL-1b, IL-6 |
Nemet et al. 2003 [39], water polo | 10 elite female water polo players, age 15.1 ± 0.3 years | IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1ra, IL-1b | Pre- and post a typical, 1.5 h water polo practice session | After a water polo session, athlete had: ↑IL-6, IL-1ra, ↔ IL-1b, TNF-α |
Nemet et al. 2004 [40], wrestling | 11 elite male wrestlers, age 16.5 ± 0.5 years | IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1ra, IL-1b | During a school year, athletes were monitored at pre, mid-, peak-, post- training season. | Athletes displayed at: Mid-season: ↑IL-1ra, IL-6. Post-season: ↓IL-1ra, IL-6. All year: ↔IL-1b, TNF-α |
Nemet et al. 2009 [41], cross-country | 8 elite female cross-country runners, age 16.8 ± 0.5 years | IL-6, IL-1ra | Pre- and post a typical one-hour endurance training. Blood samples obtained pre- and post-training. | Post training athletes had|: ↑IL-6, IL-1ra, TNF-α, IL-1b |
Ziemann et al. 2013 [57], tennis | 15 adolescent athletes, age 16 years | H2O2, IL-1b, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, Hsp27, Hsp70, CK | Blood was collected 3 times during a tennis camp: after arrival, after 3 days of active rest and at the end of the camp (14 days). | Post tournament: ↑H2O2, IL-1b, TNF-α, HSP70. After the conditioning camp: ↓H2O2,, IL-1b, TNF-α, HSP70, CK, ↑IL-6, IL-10, HSP27 |