Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the parallel group and in the crossover studies meta-analysis
Author | Study design | Sample size | Population type | Age of participants (in years) | Type of intervention | Type of exercise, measured outcome(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parallel-group design studies | ||||||
Donnelly et al. [28] | Double-blind crossover* | 32 | Men, healthy untrained volunteers | 18 to 30 | Ibuprofen 1.2 g or placebo 30 min before exercise | Muscle force: isometric contractions Maximum voluntary contraction force (N) Endurance time at 50% of isometric maximal voluntary contraction force (s) at 6 h (first period)—muscle soreness VAS at 6 h |
Hasson et al. [30] | Double-blind | 10 | Men and women, healthy | 23.8 ± 4.3 | Ibuprofen 400 mg or placebo—4 h before exercise | Muscle force: eccentric contractions Eccentric peak torque (Newton meters) (4 h after drug intake) |
Semark et al. [40] | Single-blind | 25 | Men, active in rugby union and field hockey | 19 ± 3 | Flurbiprofen 40 mg or placebo patch on each quadriceps—12 h before exercise | Running: 30 m maximal sprints Acceleration during a sprint over 5–10 m (ms−2) at 0 h Muscle pain (VAS) at 12 h |
VanHeest et al. [42] | Double-blind | 24 | Men, moderately fit healthy subjects | 18 to 34 | Ibuprofen 200 mg or placebo 4 times a day 24 h before exercise | Muscle force: eccentric seated knee flexion VO2 max during a run on a treadmill (ml kg min−1) at 48 h—pain score (VAS) at 24 h |
Przybyłowski et al. [38] | Single-blind | 19 | Men, non-smoking | 21 to 23 | Aspirin 0.5 g or placebo BID before the exercise and 1 intake 3–4 h before the test | Cycling on a bicycle ergometer until exhaustion (min) Maximal work load (watt) at 3–4 h after last drug intake |
Tokmakidis et al. [41] | Double-blind | 19 | Men and women healthy | 24.6 ± 3.9 | Ibuprofen 400 mg or placebo one intake just before strength measurement | Muscle force: eccentric contractions Maximal strength 1RM on an eccentric leg curl exercise (kg) Muscle soreness (VAS) at 24 h |
Rahnama et al. [39] | Open | 22 | Men, non-athletic | 24.3 ± 2.4 | Ibuprofen 400 mg or placebo 1 h before exercise | Muscle force: isometric contractions Maximum eccentric contraction (% of baseline volume) at 24 h |
Trappe et al. [43] | Double-Blind | 25 | Men and women older adults | 64 ± 1 | Ibuprofen 400 mg TID or placebo | Muscle force: isotonic concentric Increase in muscle strength (kg) |
Meamarbashi et al. [35] | Double-blind | 27 | Men, young healthy non-active students | 18.2 ± 0.4 | Indomethacin 25 mg or placebo TID during 1 week before exercise | Muscle force: isometric contractions Maximum isometric force (N) at 24 h—muscle pain (Talag Scale) at 24 h |
Da Silva et al. [26] | Double-blind | 20 | Men healthy military long-distance runners | 18.8 ± 0.4 | Ibuprofen 1.2 g or placebo 1 h before exercise | Muscle force: concentric and eccentric running using a treadmill and a metabolic cart to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (˙VO2 max) - Time to exhaustion - Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) |
Duff et al. [29], NCT01886196. | Factorial double-blind | 90(30 included in meta-analysis) | Women postmenopausal | 64.8 ± 4.3 | Ibuprofen 400 mg after exercise training only (maximum3 times per week) for 9 months or placebo Resistance training vs flexibility training (placebo exercise) | Muscle force: eccentric and concentric Strength biceps curl (kg) |
Lilja et al. [34], NCT02531451. | Single-blind | 31 | Men and women Healthy | 18 ± 35 | Ibuprofen 1200 mg control group receiving low dose (75 mg) acetylsalicylic | Muscle force: concentric and eccentric Peak power for the flywheel device |
De Souza et al. [27] | Randomized trial parallel groups | 20 Primary outcome available for 12 subjects | Men participants in the 42 km Trail Running Challenge | 41.1 ± 8.8 | Ibuprofen 400 mg or placebo 15 min before the beginning of the race, after 5 h of racing if not yet complete | Long-distance running Counter movement jump performance Finish time (time to exhaustion) |
Crossover design studies | ||||||
Lisse et al. [17] | Double-blind | 17 | Men, healthy regular runners | 24 to 59 | Aspirin 650 mg or placebo 30 min before exercise; wash-out 24 h | Running the subjects’ usual distance 7 times Mean time for a 3.2 km run (min) |
Roi et al. [18] | Single-blind | 18 Primary outcome available for 9 | Men, young athletes | 24.7 ± 2.6 | Aspirin 1000 mg or placebo 30 min before exercise; wash-out, 1 week | Bicycle exercise Maximum work load (watt) during a at 60 rpm |
Lecompte et al. [33] | Double-blind | 20 | Men, healthy recreationally active | 24.0 ± 3.5 | Naproxen 500 mg or placebo BID during 1 day before exercise; wash-out, 1 week | Muscle eccentric exercise Muscle strength (eccentric peak torque) 60°/s for the exercise leg (kg m) at day 3 |
Braun et al. [24] | Open-label | 10 | Men well-trained distance runners | Unknown | Indomethacin 50 mg PO, or no treatment—TID during 2 days before exercise; wash-out, 2 weeks | Treadmill running VO2 (%VO2 max) mean data for measurements made after 4, 20, 40, and 59 min of running |
Olsen et al. [37] | Open-label | 10 | Men, healthy | 21 to 33 (mean 24) | Indomethacin 100 mg or no treatment PO—10 h just before exercise; wash-out period, 7 days | Bicycle exercise at 60 rev./min Maximum work load (watt) and VO2 at 75% of the individual VO2 max (mL/min) during an exercise session |
Baldwin et al. [23] | Double-blind | 15 | Men and women, old, healthy | 60 ± 2 | Naproxen 220 mg or placebo TID for 10 days | Muscle isometric exercise Maximal isometric force Muscle soreness |
Hudson et al. [31] | Double-blind | 15 | Men college-aged | 22.0 ± 1.3 | Aspirin 10–10.4 mg/kg or placebo 1 h before testing | Muscular concentric and eccentric Perceived exertion Perceived pain index |
Krentz et al. [32] | Counter-balanced, double-blind | 18 | Men and women | 24 | Ibuprofen 400 mg or placebo immediately after training daily for 5 weeks | Muscular concentric Muscle soreness |
Correa et al. [25] | Double-blind | 12 | Men, regularly trained | 22.8 ± 3.2 | Ibuprofen 1.2 g or placebo 1 h before training | Muscle concentric and eccentric exercise |
Morgan et al. [36], part A | Double-blind | 13 | Men, physically active | 7 | Ibuprofen 400 mg (combined with 600 mg maltodextrin) or 1000 mg of maltodextrin (placebo) orally, 134 min prior to the exercise | Muscle force: isokinetic Peak MVC (N m) |