Table 4 Overview of intervention studies with assessment of combined training and the effect upon COD-performance
Combined training | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author and year | Number (n) of subjects and mean age | Level and sport | Week tr./tr per week | Experimental group, improvement (seconds) | Control group, improvement (seconds) | Improvement, percent (%) | Effect size (ES) | Training intervention, experimental group. (S) series and (R) repetitions per session | COD-test 1) Length (meter) 2) Number of CODs 3) Degrees° of CODs |
Plyometric + COD | |||||||||
Keller et al. [42] | EG, n = 12 Age: 14 ± 0.8 | Men, Young Soccer | 4/2 | Pre: 6.5 ± 0.3 Post: 6 ± 0.5 | None | EG: 7.69% | EG, ES = 1.25 | Horizontal load training. Lateral and forward jumps, Slalom, Zig-zag running and sidesteps drills. S:4–7 R:5 | Modified T test 1) 18 m 2) 4 3) 2 × 90 ° and 2 × 180 ° |
de Hoyo et al. [77] | EG, n = 9 Age: 18 ± 1 | Men, Jr Soccer, elite- level | 8/2 | Pre: 4.94 ± 0.18 Post:4.94 ± 0.19 | None | EG: 0% | EG, ES = 0 | Different unilateral CMJ, Hurdle jump and ankle jump + COD, S:1–3, R:3-4 | Zig-zag test 1) 20 m 2) 3 3) 100 ° |
Beato et al. [86] | EG, n = 21 Age: 17 ± 0.8 | Men, Jr, Soccer | 6/2 | Pre: 4.72 ± 0.13 Post: 4.73 ± 0.12 | None | EG: -0.211% | EG, ES = -0.08 | COD (45° and 90°, 180°) + P (DJ + Hurdle jump).36 COD, 60 jumps | 505-agility test 1) 10 m 2) 1 3) 180 ° |
Fernandez-Fernandez et al. [99] | EG, n = 8 Age 12.9 ± 0.4 | Men, Young Elite, Tennis | 5/3 | Pre: 2.75 ± 0.16 Post: 2.71 ± 0.16 | None | EG: 1.45% | EG, ES = 0.25 | Before training. Plyometrics, acceleration, deceleration and ladder drills (COD drills) | 505-agility test 1) 10 m 2) 1 3) 180 |
Fernandez-Fernandez et al. [99] | EG, n = 8 Age 12.9 ± 0.4 | Men, Young Elite, Tennis | 5/3 | Pre: 3.03 ± 0.05 Post: 3.05 ± 0.06 | None | EG: -0.66% | EG, ES = -0.36 | After training. Plyometrics, acceleration, deceleration and ladder drills (COD drills) | 505-agility test 1) 10 m 2) 1 3) 180 ° |
Hammami et al. [100] | EG, n = 14 Age: 14.5 ± 0.3 CG, n = 14 Age: 14.6 ± 0.2 | Men, Young Handball | 8/2 | Pre: 7.17 ± 0.36 Post: 6.79 ± 0.28 | Pre: 7.14 ± 0.21 Post: 7.11 ± 0.23 | EG: 5.30% CG: 0.42% | EG, ES = 1.19 CG, ES = 0.14 | Lateral jump + COD, lateral hurdle jumps + COD, horizontal jumps + COD, hurdle jumps + COD. 48–144 jumps per week | Modified T test 1) 20 m 2) 4 3) 2 × 90 ° and 2 × 180 ° |
Makhlouf et al. [101] | EG, n = 20 Age: 11.29 ± 0.85 CG, n = 16 Age: 10.98 ± 0.8 | Men, Young Elite Soccer | 8/2 | Pre: 18 ± 0.6 Post: 17.43 ± 0.6 | Pre: 18.38 ± 0.6 Post: 18.28 ± 1 | EG: 3.17% CG: 0.54% | EG, ES = 0.95 CG, ES = 0.12 | Agility + Plyometric S:1–3 R: 8–15. CMJ, DJ, Horizontal jumps, lateral jumps, ankle jumps, hurdle jumps, rebound jumps. A variety of agility exercises. | Illinois agility-test 1) 60 m 2) 9 3) 4 × 180 ° and 4 × 60 ° |
Strength + COD | |||||||||
Torres-Torrelo et al. [78] | EG, n = 12 Age: 22.9 ± 5.1 CG, n = 10 Age: 24.7 ± 4.7 | Men, Futsal | 6/2 | Pre:7.93 ± 0.36 Post:7.80 ± 0.23 | Pre:7.83 ± 0.31 Post:7.96 ± 0.35 | EG: 1.64% CG: -1.66% | EG, ES = 0.44 CG, ES = -0.39 | Squat (45%–48% of 1RM) S:2–3, R:4–6 + COD: 2–5 | V-Cut test 1) 25 m 2) 4 3) 45 ° |
Strength + COD + plyometric + sprint | |||||||||
Paul et al. [96] | EG, n = 7 Age: 16.4 ± 0.7 | Men Young Soccer | 4/5 | Right turn: Pre: 3.89 ± 0.1 Post: 3.88 ± 0.1 Left turn: Pre: 3.91 ± 0.1 3.88 ± 0.1 | None | Right turn: EG: 0.26% Left turn: EG: 0.77% | Right turn: EG, ES = 0.10 Left turn: EG, ES = 0.30 | Two strength and power sessions, one speed and agility session and one injury prevention session per week. | Modified L-run 1) 20 m 2) 1 3) 90 ° |
Strength + COD + sprint | |||||||||
Gil et al. [102] | EG, n = 9 Age: 22.0 ± 2.2 | Prof. Men, Soccer | 6/1 | Pre: 5.83 ± 0.2 Post: 5.44 ± 0,19 | None | EG:6.2% | EG, ES = 1.6 | Resisted Sprint, S:4, R:6, with elastic bands+ squat jump (60% of 1 RM), S:4–6, R:6 | Zig-zag test 1) 20 m 2) 3 3) 100 ° |
Gil et al. [102] | EG, n = 9 Age: 22.8 ± 4.3 | Prof. Men, Soccer | 6/1 | Pre: 5.70 ± 0.1 Post: 5.36 ± 0.14 | None | EG:6.1% | EG, ES = 1.6 | Sprint without loads S:2–4, R:4, 7 m + squat jump (60% of 1 RM) S:4–6, R:6 | 1) 20 m 2) 3 3) 100 ° |
Plyometric + sprint training | |||||||||
Loturco et al. [54] | EG, n = 11 Age: 21.7 ± 2.4 | Prof. Men, Soccer | 5/2 | Pre: 5.93 ± 0.15 Post: 5.78 ± 0.19 | None | EG: 2.53% | EG, ES = 0.88 | Resisted Sprint, R:6–8(20–30 m) with various loads + squat jump, S:3–8, R:4–6 | Zig-zag test 1) 20 m 2) 3 3) 100° |
Brocherie et al. [103] | EG, n = 8 Age: 17.1 ± 0.3 | Youth football players | 5/2 | Pre: 6 ± 0.1 Post: 5.85 ± 0.14 |  | EG: 2.5% | EG, ES = 1.25 | Sprints, CODs, shuttle sprints and high intensive running performed in hypoxia. S: 2–6, R: 3–6. | Repeated-sprint agility 1) 20 m 2) 3 3) 2 × 90 ° and 1 × 180 ° |
Brocherie et al. [103] | EG, n = 8 Age: 17.1 ± 0.2 | Youth football players | 5/2 | Pre: 6.14 ± 0.16 Post: 5.9 ± 0.14 |  | EG: 3.91% | EG, ES = 1.6 | Sprints, CODs, shuttle sprints and high intensive running performed in normoxia. S: 2–6, R: 3–6. | Repeated-sprint agility 1) 20 m 2) 3 3) 2 × 90 ° and 1 × 180 ° |
Plyometric + strength training | |||||||||
Faigenbaum et al. [60] | EG, n = 13 Age: 13.4 ± 0.9 | Young Men, 12 – 15 år | 6/2 | Pre:5.6 ± 0.18 Post:5.4 ± 0.18 | None | EG: 3.57% | EG, ES = 1.1 | 34 different jumps over 6 weeks. S:1–2, R:6–10 per jump- condition + different strength exercises, S:2–3, R:10–12 | Pro agility shuttle run 1) 18.2 m 2) 3 3) 2 × 90 ° and 1 × 180 ° |
Makhlouf et al. [101] | EG, n = 21 Age: 11.06 ± 0.75 CG, n = 16 Age: 10.98 ± 0.8 | Men, Young Elite Soccer | 8/2 | Pre: 18.16 ± 0.8 Post: 17.69 ± 0.8 | Pre: 18.38 ± 0.6 Post: 18.28 ± 1 | EG: 2.59& CG: 0.54% | EG, ES = 0.59 CG, ES = 0.12 | Strength + Plyometric S:1–3 R:8–15 Variations of squats and lunge exercises, and hip trust. | Illinois agility-test 1) 60 m 2) 9 3) 4 × 180 ° and 4 × 60 ° |
Ramirez-Campillo et al. [104] | EG, n = 9 Age: 17.6 ± 0.5 | Men, Young Soccer | 8/2 | Pre: 5.67 ± 0.29 Post: 5.46 ± 0.2 | None | EG: 3.70% | EG, ES = 0.86 | Strength and plyometric bilateral group Training knee extensor and flexors. (S:1–3 R:3–10) | Modified T test 1) 18 m 2) 4 3) 2 × 90 ° and 2 × 180 ° |
Ramirez-Campillo et al. [104] | EG, n = 9 Age: 17.3 ± 1.1 | Men, Young Soccer | 8/2 | Pre: 5.8 ± 0.29 Post: 5.67 ± 0.16 | None | EG: 2.24% | EG, ES = 0.58 | Strength and plyometric unilateral group Training knee extensor and flexors. (S:1–3 R:3–10) | Modified T test 1) 18 m 2) 4 3) 2 × 90 ° and 2 × 180 ° |
Plyometric + strength + sprint | |||||||||
Tous-Fajardo et al. [84] | EG, n = 12 Age: 17 ± 0.5 | Men Young Soccer | 11/1 | Pre: 6.94 ± 0.12 Post: 6.9 ± 0.16 | None | EG: 0.58% | EG, ES = 0.29 | Conventional combined strength training. Strength plyometric and sprint exercises. | V-Cut test 1) 25 m 2) 4 3) 45 ° |
Otero-Esquina et al. [105] | EG, n = 12 CG, n = 12 Age: 17.0 ± 1.0 | Men, Soccer, Jr- elite | 7/1 | Pre: 6.66 ± 0.20 Post:6.51 ± 0.18 | Pre: 6.63 ± 0.20 Post:6.46 ± 0.20 | EG: 2.25% CG:2.56% | EG, ES = 0.79 | Squat, S:3, R:4–6, Leg- curl Sledge run, 3–5 R, 20% of BM | V-Cut test 1) 25 m 2) 4 3) 45 ° |
Otero-Esquina et al. [105] | EG, n = 12 CG, n = 12 Age: 17.0 ± 1.0 | Men, Soccer, Jr- elite | 7/2 | Pre: 6.80 ± 0.42 Post: 6.46 ± 0.25 | Pre: 6.63 ± 0.20 Post:6.46 ± 0.20 | EG:5% CG:2,56% | EG, ES = 1.01 CG, ES = 0.85 | Squat, S:3, R:4–6 Leg- curl Sledge run, 3–5 R, 20% of BM | 1) 25 m 2) 4 3) 45 ° |
Arazi [69] | EG, n = 8 Age: 20.8 ± 0.7 | Young Women | 6/2 | Pre: 14.3 ± 0.9 Post: 13.2 ± 0.9 | None | EG: 7.6% | EG, ES = 1.1 | Depth jump, multiple jumps, zigzag drill and lunge jump. S: 3, R: 6 | T test 1) 40 m 2) 4 3) 2 × 90 ° and 2 × 180 ° |
Arazi [69] | EG, n = 7 Age: 20.7 ± 0.7 | Young Women | 6/2 | Pre: 13.4 ± 1.1 Post: 12.3 ± 0.9 | None | EG: 8.2% | EG, ES = 1.1 | Compound training. Day 1: Depth jump, multiple jumps, zigzag drill and lunge jump. Day 2: Half squat, knee extension, knee flexion, single leg lunge. S: 3, R: 6 | T test 1) 40 m 2) 4 3) 2 × 90 ° and 2 × 180 ° |