From: The Biomechanics and Applications of Strongman Exercises: a Systematic Review
 | Winwood et al. [39] | Renals et al. [37] | McGill et al. [35] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
165 mm diam log | Barbell clean and press | 250 mm diam log | 316 mm diam log | Barbell push press | Log lift | Atlas stone | Tire flip | |
Temporal | ||||||||
 Duration (s) | 7.96 ± 3.77 (TD) | 6.20 ± 1.96 (TD) | 0.22 ± 0.02(PR) | 0.22 ± 0.02(PR) | 0.22 ± 0.03 (PR) | – | – | 0.38 ± 0.17 ☼(SP)(HP) |
0.67 ± 0.06 (TD) | 0.64 ± 0.07 (TD) | 0.54 ± 0.47 (TD) | 1.49 ± 0.92 (SP)(LP) | |||||
Kinematic | ||||||||
 Dip depth (cm) | 17.4 ± 4.40 (PP) | 18.0 ± 6.60 (PP) | 14.0 ± 3.00* (PP) | 13.0 ± 2.00* (PP) | 17.0 ± 4.00 (PP) | – | – | – |
 Vertical lift velocity (m/s) | 0.60 ± 0.10* (FP) | 0.75 ± 0.15 (FP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
1.06 ± 0.41* (SP) | 1.69 ± 0.15 (SP) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
0.88 ± 0.07 (PP) | 0.97 ± 0.08 (PP) | 0.64 ± 0.07* (PP) | 0.62 ± 0.06* (PP) | 0.74 ± 0.07 (PP) | – | – | – | |
 Hip angle (°) | 52.0 ± 6.00* (LO) | 60.0 ± 6.00 (LO) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
182 ± 5.00* (TR) | 158 ± 15.0 (TR) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
 HIP ROM (°) | 126 ± 9.00* (EL) | 116 ± 10.0 (EL) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 Knee angle (°) | 99.0 ± 25.0* (SSP) | 140 ± 11.0 (SSP) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
139 ± 11.0* (TR) | 125 ± 13.0 (TR) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
 Trunk angle (°) | 106 ± 2.00* (TR) | 91.0 ± 6.00 (TR) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
93.0 ± 5.00* (BD) | 87.0 ± 2.00 (BD) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
 Trunk ROM (°) | 83.0 ± 8.00* (EL) | 67.0 ± 12.0 (EL) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Kinetic | ||||||||
 Braking mean force (N) | – | – | 680 ± 262 (PP) | 625 ± 252* (PP) | 775 ± 317 (PP) | – | – | – |
 Braking impulse (N.s) | – | – | 116 ± 28.7* (PP) | 106 ± 27.8* (PP) | 131 ± 27.3 (PP) | – | – | – |
 Braking mean power (W) | – | – | − 943 ± 281* (PP) | − 854 ± 276* (PP) | − 1090 ± 283 (PP) | – | – | – |
 Mean posterior force (N) | − 67.0 ± 14.0* (EL) | − 91.0 ± 27.0 (EL) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
 Propulsive mean force (N) | – | – | 3230 ± 357* (PP) | 3130 ± 363* (PP) | 3400 ± 492 (PP) | – | – | – |
 Propulsive impulse (N.s) | 307 ± 56.8 (PP) | 346 ± 66.8 (PP) | 255 ± 38.8* (PP) | 241 ± 28.7* (PP) | 293 ± 40.0 (PP) | – | – | – |
 Propulsive mean power (W) | 1920 ± 591* (PP) | 2960 ± 802 (PP) | 2040 ± 377* (PP) | 1900 ± 295* (PP) | 2470 ± 482 (PP) | – | – | – |
 Musc ant/post shear (N) | – | – | – | – | – | 2800§ | – | 2600§ |
 Musc comp load (N) | – | – | – | – | – | 7500§ | – | 8800§ |
 Musc ax twist stiff (Nm/rad) | – | – | – | – | – | 25,300§ | – | 31,400§ |
 Musc flex/ext stiff (Nm/rad) | – | – | – | – | – | 32,400§ | – | 38,600§ |
Muscle activation (%MVC) | ||||||||
 Right rectus abdominis | – | – | – | – | – | 27.3 ± 27.8‡ | 77.6 ± 41.6 | 87.8 ± 63.9†|
 Right external oblique | – | – | – | – | – | 61.5 ± 49.1‡ | 97.6 ± 67.7 | 107 ± 45.4†|