Table 3 Significant differences in muscle activation and kinetic outcomes between the walking/carrying exercises
From: The Biomechanics and Applications of Strongman Exercises: a Systematic Review
|  | Farmer’s walk [35] | LH suitcase carry [35] | RH suitcase carry [35] | Yoke walk [35] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Muscle activity (%MVC) | ||||
 Left upper erector spinae | 77.6 ± 29.3‡ | 47.1 ± 6.20 | 32.4 ± 4.60*☼ | 69.3 ± 17.5‡ |
 Right upper erector spinae | 91.4 ± 54.7†| 24.9 ± 17.6*‡☼ | 52.1 ± 17.3†| 65.6 ± 14.4†|
 Left lower erector spinae | 106 ± 51.1†| 31.6 ± 10.1*‡☼ | 77.4 ± 21.3†| 79.2 ± 10.2†|
 Right lower erector spinae | 144 ± 36.7‡ | 96.9 ± 20.4‡ | 44.1 ± 9.10*†☼ | 107 ± 31.5‡ |
 Left latissimus dorsi | 169 ± 55.4*‡ | 97.4 ± 55.7 | 68.9 ± 23.2☼ | 51.9 ± 26.4☼ |
 Right latissimus dorsi | 152 ± 26.7*†| 65.3 ± 6.20☼ | 91.4 ± 39.1 | 45.5 ± 31.7☼ |
 Left external oblique | 39.3 ± 30.6†| 12.6 ± 5.30*‡☼ | 61.5 ± 21.9†| 47.5 ± 31.7†|
 Right external oblique | 50.4 ± 17.4‡ | 65.1 ± 24.4‡ | 29.0 ± 17.8*†☼ | 58.8 ± 17.4‡ |
 Right rectus abdominis | 13.3 ± 3.80 | 14.6 ± 4.50 | 5.60 ± 1.80* | 22.3 ± 18.1‡ |
 Right gluteus maximus | 114 ± 70.3‡ | 78.2 ± 39.5 | 50.5 ± 31.2*☼ | 113 ± 52.1‡ |
 Right gluteus medius | 108 ± 66.9‡ | 64.1 ± 38.7 | 57.3 ± 23.6*☼ | 108 ± 69.7‡ |
 Right bicep femoris | 54.0 ± 13.7†| 31.2 ± 7.50*‡☼ | 48.3 ± 8.6†| 61.7 ± 6.30†|
 Right rectus femoris | 77.4 ± 35.6 | 41.1 ± 9.20* | 56.5 ± 11.5* | 107 ± 23.5†‡ |
Kinetic | ||||
 Muscular anterior/posterior shear (N) | 2800†| 1680☼ | 1160 | 1890 |
 Muscular compressive load (N) | 7900†| 5800*☼ | 6700 | 7800†|
 Muscular axial twist stiffness (Nm/rad) | 27,200†‡ | 19,100☼ | 24,600☼ | 25,900 |
 Muscular flexion/extension stiffness (Nm/rad) | 35,600 | 24,000* | 27,500 | 38,600†|