Table 2 Walking/carrying results comparisons—farmer’s walk

 Ground contact time (s)

0.46 ± 0.06* (MVP)

0.67 ± 0.06 (MVP)

− 3.50

0.29 ± 0.02^† (MVP^˟)

0.34 ± 0.03 (SVP^˟)

− 1.96

0.30 ± 0.03^☼ (MVP)

0.53 ± 0.09*(AP)

0.77 ± 0.07 (AP)

− 3.00

0.39 ± 0.04^† (AP)

0.32 ± 0.03 (AP)

1.98

0.36 ± 0.04 (AP)

 Stride rate (Hz)

1.42 ± 0.17* (MVP)

0.88 ± 0.06 (MVP)

4.20

2.01 ± 0.13^† (MVP^˟)

1.83 ± 0.04 (SVP^˟)

1.88

1.97 ± 0.13^☼ (MVP)

1.21 ± 0.12* (AP)

0.82 ± 0.04 (AP)

4.40

1.88 ± 0.10^† (AP)

1.64 ± 0.12 (AP)

2.17

1.79 ± 0.14 (AP)

 Stride length (m)

1.04 ± 0.12* (MVP)

1.43 ± 0.11 (MVP)

− 3.40

1.83 ± 0.04^† (MVP^˟)

1.40 ± 0.17 (SVP^˟)

3.48

1.67 ± 0.10^☼ (MVP)

0.85 ± 0.19* (AP)

1.33 ± 0.11 (AP)

− 3.10

1.38 ± 0.16 (AP)

1.33 ± 0.09 (AP)

0.39

1.32 ± 0.12 (AP)

 Average velocity (m/s)

1.48 ± 0.19 (MVP)

1.26 ± 0.15 (MVP)

1.28

3.66 ± 0.17^† (MVP)

2.83 ± 0.36 (MVP)

2.95

3.29 ± 0.38^☼ (MVP)

1.05 ± 0.21 (AP)

1.11 ± 0.09 (AP)

− 0.37

2.61 ± 0.38 (AP)

2.19 ± 0.27 (AP)

1.27

2.41 ± 0.32 (AP)

 Ankle angle at FS (°)

95.0 ± 3.00* (MVP)

105 ± 2.00 (MVP)

− 3.80

101 ± 6.00^† (SVP^˟)

113 ± 5.00 (MVP^˟)

− 2.17

110 ± 9.00 (MVP)

96.00 ± 6.00* (AP)

105 ± 2.00 (AP)

− 2.30

99.0 ± 8.00 (AP)

106 ± 6.00 (AP)

− 0.99

100 ± 8.00 (AP)

 Ankle angle at TO (°)

100 ± 5.00* (MVP)

115 ± 9.00 (MVP)

− 2.10

118 ± 5.00 (MVP^˟)

117 ± 7.00 (SVP^˟)

0.16

114 ± 6.00(MVP)

105 ± 6.00 (AP)

118 ± 5.00 (AP)

− 2.30

108 ± 4.00^† (AP)

114 ± 3.00 (AP)

− 1.70

111 ± 5.00 (AP)

 Ankle ROM (°)

4.00 ± 4.00 (MVP)

10.0 ± 10.0 (MVP)

− 0.70

− 10.0 ± 4.00^† (SVP)

1.00 ± 5.00 (MVP)

− 2.43

− 4.00 ± 7.00^☼ (MVP)

 Knee angle at FS (°)

154 ± 7.00* (MVP)

178 ± 6.00 (MVP)

− 3.70

156 ± 6.00 (MVP^˟)

166 ± 16.0 (SVP^˟)

− 0.83

155 ± 6.00^☼ (MVP)

150 ± 9.00* (AP)

174 ± 10.0 (AP)

− 2.50

147 ± 7.00 (AP)

151 ± 5.00 (AP)

− 0.66

150 ± 6.00 (AP)

 Thigh angle at FS (°)

34.0 ± 6.00* (MVP)

23.0 ± 7.00 (MVP)

1.80

38.0 ± 3.00^† (MVP^˟)

31.0 ± 4.00 (SVP^˟)

1.98

34.0 ± 3.00 (MVP)

 Thigh ROM (°)

− 19.0 ± 5.00 (MVP)

− 22.0 ± 10.0 (MVP)

0.40

− 44.0 ± 4.00^† (MVP^˟)

− 35.0 ± 6.00 (SVP^˟)

− 1.77

− 38.0 ± 4.00^☼ (MVP)

 Trunk angle at FS (°)

78.0 ± 3.00* (MVP)

90.0 ± 2.00 (MVP)

− 4.10

–

–

69.0 ± 5.00* (AP)

85.0 ± 2.00 (AP)

− 4.30

–

–

 Trunk angle at TO (°)

76.0 ± 4.00* (MVP)

87.0 ± 2.00 (MVP)

− 3.20

–

–

70.0 ± 5.00* (AP)

84.0 ± 4.00 (AP)

− 3.40

–

–

 Mean anterior GRF (N)

127 ± 31.0* (MVP)

83.0 ± 25.0 (MVP)

1.60

–

–

 Peak anterior GRF (N)

447 ± 98.0* (MVP)

259 ± 53.0 (MVP)

2.40

–

–

 Mean medial GRF (N)

120 ± 41.0* (MVP)

70.0 ± 36.0 (MVP)

1.30

–

–

 Peak medial GRF (N)

241 ± 73.0* (MVP)

120 ± 62.0 (MVP)

1.80

–

–

 Mean posterior GRF (N)

159 ± 45.0* (MVP)

94.0 ± 34.0 (MVP)

1.60

–

–

 Peak posterior GRF (N)

389 ± 143* (MVP)

211 ± 77.0 (MVP)

1.50

–

–

 Mean vertical GRF (N)

2540 ± 376* (MVP)

1030 ± 247 (MVP)

4.70

–

–

 Peak vertical GRF (N)

3630 ± 608* (MVP)

1510 ± 387 (MVP)

4.10

–

–

 Peak lateral GRF (N)

210 ± 73.0* (MVP)

119 ± 45.0 (MVP)

1.50

–

–