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Table 2 Description of included studies/data sets in the meta-analysis

From: The Effect of Resistance Training Interventions on ‘The Self’ in Youth: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Study

Country

Participant details

Intervention details

N

Age (years ± sd)

Pubertal stage (Tanner)

Weight status

% males

Sex of training group

Location

Weeks × per week (min per session)

Sets/reps/intensity

Exercises

Assessment tool

Outcomes included

Quality score

Goldfield et al. [33]

Canada

EG 78, CG 76

EG 15.9 ± 1.5, CG 15.6 ± 1.3

4–5

Obese

29%

Mixed

Community

22 weeks × 4 (45 min)

2–3 sets, 6–15 reps, moderate to max

Session 1: bench press, chest fly, lateral raise, shoulder shrugs, bicep curl, triceps press, abdominal crunches. Session 2: incline bench press, incline chest fly, shoulder press, front raise, preacher curl, assisted triceps dips, sit-ups. Session 3: squat, seated leg curl, front lateral pull down, seated row, lunge, straight leg raise, abdominal crunches. Session 4: leg press, leg extension, dumbbell pullover, seated row, lying leg curl

Physical Self-Perception Profile for Children [34]

The Harter Global Self-Esteem sub-scale [35]

Body attractiveness, global self-esteem, physical condition, physical self-worth, physical strength, sport competence

1

Lubans et al. (a) [20]

Australia

EG 22, CG 14

EG 15.3 ± 0.8, CG 14.8 ± 0.4

/

Mixed

100%

Mixed

School—free time

8 weeks × 2 (50 min)

2 sets, 8–12 reps, max for reps

Free weights—squat, lunge, calf raise, bent over row, chest press, front raise, biceps curl, triceps extension, crunch and Russian twist

Children’s Physical Self-perception Profile [34], an adapted resistance training efficacy scale

Physical self-worth, sport competence, physical condition, body attractiveness, physical strength, RT self-efficacy.

2

Lubans et al. (b) [20]

Australia

EG 15, CG 16

EG 14.9 ± 0.6, CG 14.6 ± 0.6

/

Mixed

0%

Mixed

School—free time

8 weeks × 2 (50 min)

2 sets, 8–12 reps, max for reps

Free-weights—squat, lunge, calf raise, bent over row, chest press, front raise, biceps curl, triceps extension, crunch and Russian twist

Children’s Physical Self-perception Profile [34], an adapted resistance training efficacy scale

Physical self-worth, sport competence, physical condition, body attractiveness, physical strength, RT self-efficacy

2

Lubans et al. (c) [20]

Australia

EG 20, CG 14

EG 15 ± 0.6, CG 14.8 ± 0.4

/

Mixed

100%

Mixed

School—free time

8 weeks × 2 (50 min)

2 sets, 8–12 reps, max for reps

Elastic tubing—squat, lunge, calf raise, bent over row, chest press, front raise, biceps curl, triceps extension, crunch and Russian twist

Children’s Physical Self-perception Profile [34], an adapted resistance training efficacy scale

Physical self-worth, sport competence, physical condition, body attractiveness, physical strength, RT efficacy

2

Lubans et al. (d) [20]

Australia

EG 21, CG 16

EG 15 ± 0.7, CG 14.6 ± 0.6

/

Mixed

0%

Mixed

School—free time

8 weeks × 2 (50 min)

2 sets, 8–12 reps, max for reps

Elastic tubing—squat, lunge, calf raise, bent over row, chest press, front raise, biceps curl, triceps extension, crunch and Russian twist

Children’s Physical Self-perception Profile [34], an adapted resistance training efficacy scale

Physical self-worth, sport competence, physical condition, body attractiveness, physical strength, RT self-efficacy

2

Schranz et al. [36]

Australia

EG 30, CG 26

EG 14.9 ± 1.4, CG 15.1 ± 1.6

≥ 2

Overweight/obese

100%

Males

Community

24 weeks × 3 (75 min)

1–3sets, 8–12 reps, to concentric failure

Bench press, leg press, lat pulldown, leg curl (lying or seated), shoulder press (seated), seated row, biceps curl, triceps press-down, calf raise (seated) and abdominal crunch

Exercise Self-efficacy [37] Modified Resistance Training Self-efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Questionnaire [20], Physical Self Worth Scale [38], Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents [39]

Physical self-worth, global self-esteem, exercise self-efficacy, resistance training beliefs, resistance training confidence

1

Velez et al. [40]

USA

EG 13, CG 15

EG 16 ± 0.2, CG /

/

Mixed

53%

Mixed

School—free time

12 weeks × 3(40 min)

2–3 sets, 10–15 reps, 80% of 10 RM, RPE 10

Bench press, seated row, shoulder press, lat pulldowns, flies, bicep curls, and triceps pushdowns or lower body exercises including squats, Romanian dead lift, leg extensions, leg curls, lunges and calf raises

The CY-PSPP [34]

Body attractiveness, global self-esteem, physical condition, physical self-worth, physical strength, sport competence

2

  1. Lubans et al. ‘a’ indicates male free-weights group, ‘b’ indicates female free-weights group, ‘c’ indicates male elastic tubing group, and ‘d’ indicates female elastic tubing group. “/” indicates no data available
  2. EG experimental group, CG control group, RT resistance training, sd standard deviation, rep repetition, max maximum, RM repetition maximum, RPE rate of perceived exertion, lat latissimus dorsi, CY-PSPP Children and Youth - Physical Self-Perception Profile