A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Effects of Undulatory, Staggered, and Linear Load Manipulations in Aerobic Training on Oxygen Supply, Muscle Injury, and Metabolism in Male Recreational Runners

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 2 Summary of alterations in V̇O_2max, hematological, biochemical, and endocrine markers after 8 weeks of aerobic training in recreational athletes submitted to distinct periodization models

	V̇O_2max (ml/kg/min) Mean	Hb (g/dl) ∆%	Ht (%) ∆%	MCHC (%) ∆%	CK (U/L) ∆%	LDH (U/L) ∆%	AST (U/L) ∆%	ALT (U/L) ∆%	Urea (U/L) ∆%	C (nmol/L) ∆%	T (nmol/L) ∆%	FT/C ratio
Periodization	V̇O_2max (ml/kg/min) Mean	Hb (g/dl) ∆%	Ht (%) ∆%	MCHC (%) ∆%	CK (U/L) ∆%	LDH (U/L) ∆%	AST (U/L) ∆%	ALT (U/L) ∆%	Urea (U/L) ∆%	C (nmol/L) ∆%	T (nmol/L) ∆%	FT/C ratio
Und-Und	↑ *	↑	↑	↑*	↓	↓	↑	↑	↓	↓	↑*	↑*
Und-Lin	↑ *	↑*	↑	↑	=	↑	↑*	↑*	↓	↑	↑	=
Sta-Und	↑ *	↑*	=	↑	=	↑	↑*	↑*	↑	↑	↑	↓
Sta-Lin	↑ *	=	↓	↑	↑*	↑*	↑*	↑*	↑	↑*	↑	↓*

* Indicates statistical difference (p ≤ 0.05) in mean values, ∆% or FT/C ratio between the pre-training and post-training period; ↑ means trend to increase; ↓ means trend to decrease; = means similar values between the pre-training and post-training period