Table 4 Meta-analysis results
Analysis and sub-analysis | Number of comparisons | Meta-analysis | Heterogeneity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Difference in means (%) | Effect size | 95% CI | p value | I 2 | p value | ||
Aerobic training | 24 | − 0.65 | − 1.037 | − 1.386; − 0.688 | < 0.001 | 76% | < 0.001 |
Non-progressive aerobic training | 13 | − 0.45 | − 0.920 | − 1.329; − 0.512 | < 0.001 | 74% | < 0.001 |
Presence of comorbidities | 6 | − 0.33 | − 0.554 | − 1.048; − 0.061 | 0.028 | 52% | 0.065 |
Absence of comorbidities | 3 | − 0.79 | − 1.358 | − 2.556; − 0.159 | 0.026 | 86% | < 0.001 |
Walking/running modalities | 7 | − 0.43 | − 1.292 | − 1.856; − 0.727 | < 0.001 | 61% | 0.018 |
Cycle ergometer modalities | 2 | – | − 0.156 | − 0.643; 0.330 | 0.529 | 0% | 0.753 |
Untrained participants | 9 | − 0.39 | − 0.956 | − 1.382; − 0.530 | < 0.001 | 58% | 0.013 |
Undefined participant’s training status | 2 | – | − 0.443 | − 1.646; 0.759 | 0.470 | 84% | 0.013 |
Progressive aerobic training | 14 | − 0.84 | − 1.478 | − 2.197; − 0.759 | < 0.001 | 87% | < 0.001 |
Presence of comorbidities | 4 | − 0.79 | − 3.061 | − 4.823; − 1.299 | 0.001 | 90% | < 0.001 |
Absence of comorbidities | 9 | − 0.94 | − 0.699 | − 1.226; − 0.171 | 0.009 | 68% | 0.001 |
Walking/running modalities | 7 | − 0.69 | − 1.078 | − 1.817; − 0.340 | 0.004 | 78% | < 0.001 |
Mixed modalities | 5 | − 1.12 | − 2.614 | − 4.206; − 1.022 | 0.001 | 92% | < 0.001 |
Untrained participants | 11 | − 0.99 | − 1.808 | − 2.688; − 0.927 | < 0.001 | 89% | < 0.001 |
Undefined participant’s training status | 3 | – | − 0.381 | − 0.905; 0.143 | 0.154 | 0% | 0.633 |
Progressive aerobic training (intensity) | 6 | − 0.57 | − 1.625 | − 2.903; − 0.348 | 0.013 | 92% | < 0.001 |
Progressive aerobic training (duration) | 4 | − 0.93 | − 2.264 | − 3.603; − 0.926 | < 0.001 | 84% | < 0.001 |
Progressive aerobic training (intensity and duration) | 6 | − 1.27 | − 1.422 | − 2.544; − 0.300 | 0.013 | 89% | < 0.001 |