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Table 2 Characteristics of the interventions

From: The Role of Aerobic Training Variables Progression on Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Study

Modality (n)

Intervention period

Session duration

Weekly frequency

Weekly duration

Intensity

Volume

Progressive aerobic training

Alvarez et al. 2016 [12]

Interval: stimulus—running, recovery—walking (n = 13)

Control (n = 10)

16 weeks

Beginning: 22 min

Final: 37.5 min

3

Beginning: 66 min

Final: 112.6 min

Stimulus: 90–100% HRres

Recovery: ≤  70% HRres

Belli et al. 2011 [28]

Walking (n = 9)

Control (n = 10)

12 weeks

Beginning: 20 min

Final: 60 min

3

Beginning: 60 min

Final: 180 min

HRVT

Kadoglou et al. 2007 [35]

Walking or running on the treadmill/cycle ergometer (n = 29)

Control (n = 27)

26 weeks

Beginning: 30 min

Final: 45 min

4

Beginning: 120 min

Final: 180 min

Beginning: 50%VO2peak

Gradual increase throughout the 26 weeks

Final: 75%VO2peak

Kadoglou et al. 2012 [44]

Walking or running on the treadmill/cycle ergometer (n = 21)

Control (n = 7)

26 weeks

Gradual increases until 4th week, reaching 45 min

4

180 min

Beginning: 60% HRmax

Final: 75% HRmax

Lambers et al. 2008 [29]

Walking or running/cycle ergometer (n = 18)

Control (n = 6)

12 weeks

50 min

3

150 min

Beginning: 60%HRres

Middle: 75%HRre

Final: 85%HRre

Mitranun et al. 2014 [23]

Interval training on the treadmill (it does not report if it is walking or running in the stimulus and recovery) (n = 14)

Control (n = 8)

12 weeks

Beginning: 20 min

Middle: 20 min

Final: 30 min

3

Beginning: 60 min

Middle: 60 min

Final: 90 min

Beginning: 50% VO2peak

Middle: 80% VO2peak

Final: 85% VO2peak

Beginning: 33.6 L O2

Middle: 36.2 L O2

Final: 53.7 L O2

Continuous on the treadmill (does not report if it is walking or running) (n = 14)

Control (n = 8)

Beginning: 20 min

Middle: 20 min

Final: 30 min

3

Beginning: 60 min

Middle: 60 min

Final: 90 min

Beginning: 50% VO2peak

Middle: 60% VO2peak

Final: 65% VO2peak

Beginning: 33.6 L O2

Middle: 36.2 L O2Final: 53.7 L O2

Negri et al. 2010 [30]

Walking (n = 21)

Control (n = 20)

16 weeks

45 min

3

135 min

Beginning: low(NS)

Final: moderate (NS)

Oliveira et al. 2012 [31]

Cycle ergometer (n = 11)

Control (n = 4)

12 weeks

Beginning: 20 min

Final: 50 min

3

From 60 to 150 min

HRLT

Sentinelli et al. 2014 [32]

Nordic walking (n = 10)

Control (n = 10)

12 weeks

Beginning: 60 min

Final: 90 min

3

Beginning: 180 min

Final: 270 min

Beginning: low to moderate (NS)

Final: moderate to high (NS)

Beginning: 4–5 km with slope of 7% of inclination

Final: 7 km with slope of 14% of inclination

Tomar et al. 2013 [33]

Walking or running on the treadmill/cycle ergometer (n = 12)

Control (n = 12)

12 weeks

NS

3

Increased every 4 weeks (NS)

Beginning: 40–50% HRmax;

Gradual increase (NS)

Vancea et al. 2009 [45]

Walking (n = 14)

Control (n = 10)

20 weeks

30 min

3

90 min

Beginning: 60% HRmax

Final: 70% HRmax

Walking (n = 9)

Control (n = 7)

30 min

5

150 min

Beginning: 60% HRmax

Final: 70% HRmax

Yavari et al. 2012 [34]

Treadmill/elliptical/cycle ergometer (n = 20)

Control (n = 7)

52 weeks

Beginning: 20 min

Final: 60 min

3

Beginning: 60 min

Final: 180 min

Beginning: 60% HRmax

Final: 75% HRmax

Non-progressive aerobic training

Blonk et al. 1994 [36]

Cycle ergometer (n = 26)

Control (n = 27)

26 weeks

30 min

2

60 min

60–80%HRmax

Church et al. 2010 [20]

Walking (n = 52)

Control (n = 16)

39 weeks

50 min

3

150 min

50–80% VO2max

12 kcal/kg/week

Emereziani et al. 2015 [37]

Walking/cycle ergometer (n = 15)

Control (n = 15)

12 weeks

30 min

2

60 min

HRAT

Giannopolou et al. 2005 [38]

Walking (n = 11)

Control (n = 6)

14 weeks

50 min

3

150 min

65–70% VO2peak

Deficit of 200 kcal

Jorge et al. 2011 [22]

Cycle ergometer (n = 12)

Control (n = 4)

12 weeks

60 min

3

180 min

HRLT

Karstoft et al. 2013 [21]

Walking (continuous) (n = 11)

Control (n = 4)

17 weeks

60 min

5

300 min

55% VO2peak

Walking (interval) (n = 11)

Control (4)

60 min

5

300 min

70% VO2peak (3 min above, 3 min below)

Kwon et al. 2001 [39]

Walking (n = 13)

Control (n = 8)

12 weeks

60 min

5

300 min

Moderate (NS)

4 to 6 METs

Middlebrooke et al. 2006 [40]

Not reported (n = 15)

Control (n = 30)

26 weeks

30 min

3

90 min

70–80% HRmax

Nuttamon-

warakul et al. 2012 [46]

Aquatic training (n = 20)

Control (n = 20)

12 weeks

30

3

90 min

70% HRmax

Parra-Sanchez et al. 2015 [41]

Walking (n = 47)

Control (n = 41)

12 weeks

40 min

2

80 min

Velocity which allowed to speak without stuttering

Shenoy et al. 2009 [42]

Walking (n = 10)

Control (n = 5)

16 weeks

30 min

3

90 min

Yan et al. 2014 [43]

Not reported (low intensity) (n = 22)

Control (n = 6)

12 weeks

45 min

3–5

135 to 225 min

50% VO2max

Not reported (high intensity) (n = 9)

Control (n = 4)

45 min

3

135 min

75% VO2max

  1. Min minutes, n number of participants, HRres heart rate reserve, HRmax maximum heart rate, HRLT heart rate corresponding to lactate threshold, HRAT heart rate corresponding to aerobic threshold, HRVT heart rate corresponding to ventilatory threshold, VO2peak peak oxygen consumption, L O2 liters of oxygen, NS not specified. The study of Blonk et al. (1994) did not state the SD of the participants’ age