Nutritional and Supplementation Strategies to Prevent and Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: a Brief Review

Sports Medicine - Open

Table 6 Overview of other nutritional supplements

Nutrient source (key nutrient)	Mechanism of action	Suggested benefits	Refs
n-3 PUFAs (DHA, EPA)	Anti-inflammatory properties	↓DMG, ↓DOMS, ↓INF, ↑MF	[128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139]
Caffeine	Adenosine receptor antagonism	↓DOMS	[141,142,143,144,145,146,147]
MSM	Antioxidant properties	↓DMG, ↓INF	[148,149,150]
MIPS (Caffeine, Creatine, BCAAs)	Increased MPS	NA	[17, 152]
Specialized water supplements	Anti-inflammatory properties	↓DMG, ↓DOMS, ↓INF, ↑MF	[153,154,155,156,157]

DHA docosahexaenoic acid, ↓DMG nutrient reduced indirect markers of muscle damage compared to placebo, ↓DOMS nutrient reduced soreness and delayed-onset muscle soreness compared to placebo, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, ↓INF nutrient reduced markers of inflammation compared to placebo, MIPS multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, ↑MF nutrient improved muscle function relative to placebo, MSM methylsulfonylmethane, NA nutrient had no effect on EIMD-related outcome measures, n-3 PUFAs omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids