Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies
Study/type of review | Number of individual studies included in the umbrella review/total number of studies included in the review | Continent/s | Study design | Sum of the size of the individual samples included (sample size range) | Age range or mean (years) | Female sex % | Year publication (range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barnett et al. (MA) [34] | 50/59 | Europe (n = 16), North America (n = 16), South America (n = 2), Asia (n = 5), Africa (n = 1), Australia (n = 5) | Cohort (n = 6) Cross-sectional (n = 44) | 36,196 (34–7175) | 3.6–14.5 | N.A. | 1997–2014 |
Oglund et al. (MA) [31] | 11/11 | Europe (n = 6), North America (n = 1), South America (n = 3), Asia (n = 1), Australia (n = 1) | Cohort (n = 11) | 26,384 (44–7736) | 0–15 (10.2) | 48–56 | 2006–2013 |
Olsen et al. (SLR) [22] | 13/21 | N.A. | Cross-sectional (n = 7) Cohort (n = 1) Case-control (n = 5) | 9012 (17–1877) | 19–(≥ 65) | 100 | 2000–2010 |
Babakus et al. (SLR) [24] | 38/38 | Europe (n = 22), North America (n = 10), New Zealand (n = 1), Australia/Asia (n = 2), South America (n = 1), Asia (n = 3) | Cohort (n = 1) Cross-sectional (n = 37) | 552,967 (56–347,229) | N.A. | 40–100 | 1980–1912 |
Barnett et al. (SLR) [33] | 5/5 | Europe (n = 3), North America (n = 2) | Cross-sectional (n = 5) | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | 1980–2010 |
De Craemer et al. (SLR) [18] | 22/43 | North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand | Cohort (n = 6) Cross-sectional (n = 35) Cross-sectional and cohort (n = 1) | N.A. | 4–6 | N.A. | 1990–2010 |
Ridgers et al. (SLR) [17] | 47/53 | Multiple continents | Cross-sectional (n = 42) N.A. (n = 5) | N.A. | 5–18 | N.A. | 1990–2011 |
Stanley et al. (SLR) [19] | 12/22 | Europe (n = 4) Australia (n = 4) North America (n = 4) | Cross-sectional (n = 12) | N.A. | 8–14 | N.A. | 1990–2011 |
Uijtdewillingen et al. (SLR) [28] | 25/30 | North America (n = 14), Europe (n = 9), New Zealand (n = 1), Asia (n = 1) | Cohort (n = 25) | 41,244 (22–12,812) | 3–17 Children = 4–12 Adolescents = 13–18 | 40–100 | 2005–2010 |
Craggs et al. (SLR) [29] | 30/46 | North America (n = 20), Europe (n = 9), Australia (n = 1) | Cohort (n = 30) | 59,323 | 4–9 (n = 3) 14–18 (n = 8) 10–13 (n = 19) | 50–100 | Up to 2010 |
Dumith et al. (MA) [30] | 26/26 | North America (n = 17), Europe (n = 8), New Zealand (n = 1) | Cohort (n = 26) | 43,341 (97–1279) | 10–19 | 55 | 1977–2007 |
Koeneman et al. (SLR) [32] | 12/30 | North America (n = 6), Europe (n = 3), Australia (n = 1), Asia (n = 2) | Cohort (n = 12) | N.A. | > 40 | N.A. | 1992–2010 |
Siddiqi et al. (SLR) [27] | 21/29 | N.A. | Cross-sectional (n = 21) | 878 (15–89) | ≥ 18 | 45–100 | 1995–2009 |
Andersen et al. (MA) [16] | 13/13 | Europe (n = 13) | Cohort (n = 13) | 43,482 (225–4363) | 14–74 | 43 | 1970–2008 |
Hinkley et al. (SLR) [21] | 20/24 | North America (n = 13), Europe (n = 7) | Cohort (n = 3) Cross-sectional (n = 17) | 8469 (30–3141) | 43,222 | 45–55 | 1980–2006 |
Tzormpatzakis et al. (SLR) [23] | 36 | N.A. | Cross-sectional (n = 36) | 74,280 | ≥ 15 | 0–56 | 1993–2006 |
Van der Horst et al. (SLR) [20] | 30/60 | N.A. | Cross-sectional (n = 25) Cohort (n = 5) | N.A. | 4–12 (n = 9) 13–18 (n = 22) | N.A. | 1999–2005 |
Coble et al. (SLR) [25] | 22/35 | N.A. | Cross-sectional (n = 22) | 29,623 (30–4549) | ≥ 18 | 50–100 | 1991–2005 |
Rhodes et al. (MA) [26] | 15/35 | North America (n = 6), Europe (n = 8), Asia (n = 1) | Cross-sectional (n = 10) Cohort (n = 6) | 51,537 (35–22,448) | 19–77 (15–74) | 0–100 | 1969–2006 |