Table 2 Prevalence of having experienced SIPE
Reference | Study design | Subjects | Sampling frame | Sample size | Response rate | Type of exposure | Case definition | Case ascertainment method | Results (n = SIPE cases) | Quality of evidence (see Additional file 4 for more detail) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miller et al. [19] | Cross-sectional survey | Triathletes | 140,000 members of USA Triathlon | 1400 after 23 exclusions due to age < 20 or incomplete responses | 1.3% | Open water/pool, wetsuit/no wetsuit, long/short course, hot/cold climate | Cough productive of pink frothy or blood-tinged secretions | Questionnaire to all participants | 1.4% (n = 20) | Good although very low response rate and use of non-validated self-reported questionnaire |