Perceived Links Between Playing Surfaces and Injury: a Worldwide Study of Elite Association Football Players

Table 3 Summary of binary logistic regression models for (i) Joint Soreness/Pain and AT, (ii) Ligament Damage and AT and (iii) Muscle Strain and NT

Outcome	Predictors	β	S.E.	p	OR	χ ²	p	Nagelkere R²
Joint Soreness/Pain on AT	Age	0.26	0.08	0.00**	1.32	269.81	< 0.001	0.29
	AT Var.	0.18	0.08	0.02*	1.19
	Hard	1.11	0.18	0.00**	3.04
	Bumpy	0.36	0.17	0.03*	1.43
	High Grip	0.50	0.18	0.02*	1.65
	Soft	0.82	0.24	0.00**	2.80
	Inconsistent	0.55	0.18	0.00**	1.73
	Low Grip	0.58	0.20	0.00**	1.79
Ligament Damage on AT	AT Var.	0.17	0.07	0.02*	1.19	220.46	< 0.001	0.24
	Hard	1.34	0.17	0.00**	3.84
	Bumpy	0.69	0.16	0.00**	1.99
	High Grip	0.81	0.18	0.00**	2.25
Muscle Strain on NT	Hard	0.86	0.18	0.00**	2.35	229.34	0.01	0.25
Muscle Strain on NT	Soft	0.68	0.18	0.00**	1.98	229.34	0.01	0.25